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The International Journal of the Royal Society of Thailand

Volume XVI-2024 (Special Issue)

of the Rattanakosin period, when the Americans began to make contact. Since the time of

King Rama III, King Rama IV, the writing of words from English has also used the method of dragging
meaning, for example, beater (i-toe อีเต้อ), Bradley (Palat Le ปลัดเล), Cartwright (Kru kat rai

ครูกัดไร), corporal (khop fa lan ขบัฟ้้าลั�น), Crawford (Kara fat การะฟ้ัด/กะระฝััด), government (kat fan
man กัดฟ้ันมัน), Henry Burney (Han tri barani หันตรี บัาระนี), Home News (Hom nio โหมนิวิ), Hunter

(Han trae หันแตร), lemonade ([nam] manet [นำ�า] มะเน็ด), lieutenant (lottalente โหลดตะเลนเต),
McFarland (Mekfalan เมฆฟ้้าลั�น), Marquis Hastings (Marakit Hatsating มารากิศ หัศติ�ง), Missionary
Mattoon (Mitchanari mo Matun มิดฉนารีย์ หมอมะตูน), phosphorus (fasupharet ฝัาศุภเรศ), Rangin

(Raeng kin แร้งกิน), Raj pattern (Ratchapataen ราชปะแตน), and telegraph (talapkaep ตะแล็ปแก็ป).
It can be said that a loanword is a Thai word that comes from a foreign language,

according to the definition of a loanword in linguistics mentioned above.
The main difference between a loanword and a transliteration is the intention of bringing
words from other languages into use in the Thai language. A loanword may have both sound and

meaning modified, but a transliteration aims to preserve both sound and meaning, with some
sound changes in consistence with the borrower’s language.

Over time, transliteration evolved into a method for creating new words, as appeared in
the Royal Gazette, Volume 59, Part 66, dated October 13, 1942, regarding the coining of words

No.1, which states in part:
“Since the government considers that the Thai words currently in use are not

sufficient for writing various textbooks, a committee has been set up to consider
coining words sufficient for that purpose. If any word which is an academic word
and cannot be replaced by a Thai word which matches the desired meaning,

the transliteration method should be applied. The Advisor of the Prime Minister’s
Office is tasked with this responsibility, and he will work with representatives of

the relevant Ministries and Departments.”

The said announcement mentioned the establishment of a committee to consider this
matter, with the “Advisor of the Prime Minister’s Office” being responsible for this matter.

This Advisor is Prince Wan Waithayakon Krommun Naradhip Bongsprabandh. The principle of
term coinage once stated that “The best way is to use Thai words. If Thai words cannot be
found, Pali-Sanskrit words that have already been in existence in Thai can be used.” Therefore,

transliteration was another option.
The transliteration method of 1942 had been in use for 47 years before being revised in

1989, starting with English (Royal Gazette, Volume 106, Part 153, Page 439, September 14, 1989).
Later, the Royal Society established the criteria for transliteration of 8 more foreign languages:

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