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The International Journal of the Royal Society of Thailand
Volume XI - 2019

eventually progress to chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD is one of the major
health problem in Thailand which is covered over 8 Billion baht per year by
government budget (NHSO, 2018). From United states renal data system report,

Thailand was ranked number one in increasing rate of newly treated end stage
renal disease (ESRD) patients per year and had the second most highest number
of treated ESRD patients per population (system, 2018). The optimization of care
in AKI patients is the key solution to reduce number of CKD patients.

Precision medicine is defined as a form of science that uses information
about a person’s genes, proteins, and environment to prevent, diagnose, and
treat disease (Ginsburg and Phillips, 2018). Precision medicine and personalized
medicine are interchangeable terms. While personalized medicine focus more
on context of individual such as belief, demographic data and social factors;
precision medicine focus more in data analysis, statistical model and information.
With the new technologies such as genetic testing, artificial intelligence and
big data; we can step up the patient’s care into individual level.

In this article, we reviewed various technologies in genomics, big data
and artificial intelligence which are related to AKI. We also presented how
precision medicine can be incorporated as a part of AKI caring process (Figure 1).
The timeline of precision medicine in AKI was demonstrated in Figure 2

Figure 1 The roles of precision medicine as part of caring process in acute kidney injury. The
blue box represented the roles including prevention of AKI, optimized AKI care, optimized
acute RRT care and Post AKI care.
Abbreviations: AKI, acute kidney injury; RRT, renal replacement therapy; AKD, acute kidney
disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease

Phatadon Sirivongrangson
Nattachai Srisawat 57

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