Page 171 - -25-0508(ALLs)

The International Journal of the Royal Society of Thailand

Volume XVI-2024 (Special Issue)

Performing arts such as Khon (the masked dance-drama) and Lakhon (court drama) have

become symbolic of the monarchy’s influence over Thai identity. Traditionally performed during
royal ceremonies and festivals, these art forms were not just entertainment but also instruments

of cultural transmission, imbued with moral, religious, and political significance. The monarchy’s
involvement in these arts solidified their status as integral to national identity.

Over the centuries, successive kings have played pivotal roles in the evolution of Thai
performing arts. During the Ayutthaya period, performances became more elaborate, reflecting

the kingdom’s growing power and prestige. The Rattanakosin period, particularly under the
Chakri Dynasty, saw a revival and modernization of these traditions. Kings like Rama I and Rama V

were instrumental in preserving ancient forms of dance and drama, while also incorporating
new ideas, including Western influences, to ensure their relevance in a changing world.

In this article, we will explore the historical trajectory of the Thai monarchy’s patronage
of the performing arts, examining key periods in which royal support was crucial to their survival

and development. From the early Sukhothai era to the present, the monarchy’s commitment
to the arts has shaped not only the cultural landscape of Thailand but also its national identity.

The Sukhothai Era (1238–1438)

The Sukhothai era marks the earliest known period in Thai history when the monarchy
began to integrate the performing arts into the fabric of royal and religious life. This period

is particularly associated with King Ramkhamhaeng, who reigned during the late 13 century
th
and is credited with establishing Sukhothai as a flourishing center of culture, religion, and arts.

King Ramkhamhaeng’s contributions were instrumental in recognizing the importance of the
performing arts, especially traditional music, dance, and dramatic performances, as expressions

of royal power and religious devotion.
The Sukhothai kingdom was deeply rooted in Buddhism, and the performing arts during

this period were often linked to religious ceremonies and festivals. Dance and music were not
merely for entertainment; they were regarded as offerings to the gods and Buddha, reinforcing the

divine status of the king as a moral and spiritual leader. This connection between the performing
arts and the monarchy helped establish the arts as an essential component of both courtly and

spiritual life.
Historical inscriptions from the Sukhothai period, particularly the famous Ramkhamhaeng

inscription, highlight the role of performances in royal ceremonies. Music and dance were integral
to festivals that celebrated the monarchy and Buddhist rituals. The performances often included

traditional instruments such as the piphad (Thai traditional orchestra), and the performers were

164

7/7/2568 BE 15:17
-25-0508(001)P5.indd 164
-25-0508(001)P5.indd 164 7/7/2568 BE 15:17