Page 119 - The lraternational Journal of the Royal Society of Thailand.indd

The International Journal of the Royal Society of Thailand
Volume XV-2023

Roots of the Matters
Many musculoskeletal problems undergo a vicious cycle of deterioration that

affects the elderly population. For example, falling injuries in individuals with weak
bones, such as those with osteoporosis, can lead to compression fractures in the
mid-back region. This causes acute severe pain and limits physical activity, leading to

weakened muscles and eventually sarcopenia. Inactivity further decreases physical
activity, increases kyphosis, and completes the vicious cycle.

In another situation, habitual insults to a particular structure can lead to
structural failure. The classic example is the case of an unstable back, such as
spondylolisthesis, which can worsen progressively due to the habit of bending the low

back during daily activities like sitting down and getting up from a chair. This motion
causes stress concentration on the unstable intervertebral joint, creating gradual
damage and instability that may require surgical stabilization (Wajanavisit et al, 2009;
Delmonico & Beck, 2017). At this point, two types of vicious cycles can occur – one
related to injury, pain, inactivity, and unstable gait, and another related to habitual

non-physiologic motion, stress concentration, structural failure, inactivity, sarcopenia,
and stress concentration.

Training the Body for the Aged
Physical activity is essential for maintaining muscle mass, strength, and balance,
which can prevent or delay the onset of sarcopenia (Laohacharoensombat et al, 1999),

osteoporosis, and other age-related musculoskeletal disorders. Resistance training,
such as weightlifting, can help build muscle strength and mass, while balance training,
such as yoga, can improve postural control and reduce the risk of falls. Exercise
programs should be tailored to individual needs, considering their fitness level and

medical conditions.

Training the Mind for the Aged

In addition to physical activity, mental health is also crucial for the elderly to
maintain good life quality and happiness. Social engagement, such as participation in
community activities or volunteering, can help combat loneliness and depression.

Additionally, cognitive training, such as brain games and puzzles, can help maintain
mental acuity and prevent cognitive decline.

Wichien Laohacharoensombat 111