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The International Journal of the Royal Society of Thailand
Volume XI - 2019

The NCP genomics Thailand included FH as the target disease, which needs
health economic study and evaluation of appropriate technology for guideline
development and implementation research to establish the national screening

program.
In general, NCDs are considered complex traits, that followed the

common disease common variants model (CDCV), where multiple variants from
hundreds to thousands of loci contributing to disease development. For these
complex traits, risk assessment tools that included information from all confirmed
genetic risk were developed based on logistic regression model of confirmed
genetic risk across the genome, the statistics called “Polygenic Risk Score” or
PRS. The PRS had been evaluated in various NCDs such as diabetes mellitus,
atrial fibrillation, coronary artery diseases (Torkamani et al., 2018). The PRS is not
working well for prediction of diseases in populations that were difference from
the population that PRS were derived from (Torkamani et al., 2019). In near future,
PRS is going to play important role in individual risk assessment and study to
establish PRS accuracy in predicting important NCDs, using genomics data from
Thai population. Because lifestyle play important role in NCDs, the transferability
of PRS derived from Caucasian populations to other ethnicity is likely to result in
poorer predictive capability of PRS. The improvement in risk stratification is the
key advantage for this approach, prioritization of preventive therapy to most at
risk group based on genetic and lifestyles data is likely to saving the cost for health
system. The reclassification of risk group for statins recommendations are likely
to saving cost and increases effectiveness of the statins as preventive therapy for

coronary artery diseases (Mega et al., 2015).

4. Infectious diseases

The Infectious diseases remain the major health problems in Thailand,
burdens with HIV infections, tuberculosis, dengue hemorrhagic fever, sexually
transmitted diseases, foodborne infection. Rabies and infectious associated with
cancers. The pathogen genomics, using the advance sequencing technology to
help identify the diseases outbreaks and prioritizing the public health resources to
contain the outbreak is the key to improve the infectious diseases control.
Recently, United State of America and United Kingdom have introduced the
genomic technology into the national diseases surveillance system. Thailand
has introduced whole genome sequencing of tuberculosis (TB-WGS) and using

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