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The International Journal of the Royal Society of Thailand
Volume XI - 2019

ranging in applications from accident and emergency (A&E) triage to image
diagnostics in radiology and development of mortality and sepsis algorithms.
Currently, diagnosis regarding biochemical tests, hematological examination and

radiological examination, for examples, are already based on digital technology.
One of the applications (apps) under development is a medical diagnostic

tool. Never before has there been a way to view and interact with AI results, for
reading workflow to become smarter and more efficient. Now, it is an AI content-
enabled medical imaging console which stands to revolutionize the way physicians
incorporate the galaxy of third party AI machines into their reading workflows.
Apps on therapy are variable, such as robot doctors, artificial pancreas
(Himathongkam et al., 2016), medical micro/nanorobots (Soto and Chrostowski,
2018), CRISPR gene editing (National Center for Biotechnology Information).

Advancements in medical technology are creating a world where robots may play
a bigger part in healing the ill than doctors. Fifteen medical robots are changing
the world. Xiaoyi, China’s “Little Doctor”, became the first artificial intelligence
robot to pass the China’s medical licensing exam. Although the machine showed
ability to learn, reason and make judgments by itself, there is a long way to go
before Xiaoyi could practice independently.

Treatment of certain cases of diabetic patients may be more comfortable
than formerly. As regards the “artificial pancreas,” currently affordable cases of
type 1- diabetic patients could implant a tiny silicon transistor device under the
skin to work in place of the natural pancreas.

The field of medical micro/nanorobotics holds considerable promise for
advancing medical diagnosis and treatment due to their unique ability to move
and perform complex tasks at small scales. The term medical micro/nanorobots
refers to all nano-to-micron-size structures (300 nm to 300 µm) capable of
converting power sources into kinetic energy. Nanorobots are devices ranging
in size from 0.1 to 10 µm that are composed of nanoscale or molecular components.
These devices can be injected into patients to perform diagnosis or treatment on
a cellular level. Recent engineering breakthroughs have led to the successful in
vivo operation of medical micro/nanorobots. Antibacterial nanorobots are tiny
machines made of gold nanowires and coated with platelets and white blood cells
that can clear bacterial infections directly from patients’ blood, basically mimicking
a bacterium as the target, then ensnaring them in their nanowire mesh when

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