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The International Journal of the Royal Society of Thailand

Volume XVI-2024 (Special Issue)

during the Thonburi Kingdom and the reigns of the first three kings of the Chakri Dynasty.

The northern region was the last to be fully integrated into the Thai kingdom during the reign of
King Chulalongkorn (Rama V). However, during this period, Thailand lost Laos and Cambodia to

France and four Malay states to the British Empire. King Rama V, despite these territorial losses,
modernized the country in many ways, uniting all segments of society under the concept of

“Thainess.”
The formation of the kingdom of Siam, now, Thailand, is the result of the sacrifices and

abilities of great kings throughout history, starting with King Mangrai. Thanks to their leadership.
We were able to defend our nation from invasions by Burma and Vietnam. Looking at Burma,

with this vast size and strategic location, it had the potential to conquer both China and India,
and could have invaded Thailand multiple times. However, it was not only the natural barriers,

such as the Tenasserim mountain range, that helped thwart Burmese invasions, but also
the strength and courage of the kings who led the defense. Similarly, King Rama III successfully

defended the country from Vietnam’s aggression.
In more recent times, Thailand has endured through the challenges of both world wars,

and the Cold War. Though there have been moments of struggle, Thailand has always managed
to overcome adversity, maintaining its independence and firmly holding its status as a sovereign

nation.
To maintain independence, Thailand’s great kings led their soldiers in battle, setting them

apart from rulers in other countries who remained in their palaces. King Naresuan, King Taksin,
and King Rama I are prime examples of this leadership. As time passed, the concept of leadership

evolved, influenced by western ideas. Nonetheless, the Thai monarchy has consistently had
a profound impact on the nation, guiding it through changing times.

Currently, the world is home to approximately 40 kingdoms, but only 20 monarchs, as some
monarchs rule multiple countries. This means that 20% of the world’s nation are under monarchy,

with many of these nations, being highly successful. Contrary to the belief that systems with fewer
numbers may be on the brink of extinction, Great Britain has maintained a monarchy, which has

contributed to its status as one of the most advanced, stable, and prosperous countries for over
200 years. Similarly, Japan has been ruled by emperors for over 1000 years, becoming a global

superpower and leading nation in Asia across various fields. Those who criticize the monarchy
and call for the state welfare and equality, as seen in Scandinavian countries, should note that

the nations are still ruled by kings. Every year, people eagerly await the Nobel prizes, and it is
the Swedish king who presents these awards. Additionally, countries like Spain, as well as ASEAN

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