Page 60 - -25-0508(ALLs)

The International Journal of the Royal Society of Thailand

Volume XVI-2024 (Special Issue)

construction of Wat Phra Sri Ratana Sasadaram (the Temple of the Emerald Buddha) within the

Grand Palace, modeled after Wat Phra Si Sanphet in Ayutthaya. The Emerald Buddha, then,
was transported to be enshrined as the principal Buddha image of the Temple. Additionally,

significant royal regalia and items were created, such as the Great Crown of Victory (Phra Maha
Phichai Mongkut), the Sword of Victory (Phra Saeng Khan Chai Si), royal urns, royal barges,

and ceremonial carriages. The King’s efforts to revive these traditions and culture were aimed
to preserve the national heritage and maintain the continuity of traditional practices from the

Ayutthaya period. This also symbolized the strength and stability of the Thai nation, demonstrating
its capability to establish Rattanakosin as a flourishing new capital comparable to Ayutthaya.

Simultaneously, these efforts reinforced his legitimacy and moral authority as a monarch.
4.3 Administration of the Kingdom

King Rama I adhered to the original principle that the monarchy retained supreme
authority in governing the kingdom. The king served as the source and center of all power, acting

as the head of state and protector of the realm, ensuring peace and prosperity for the people.
He supported and upheld Buddhism. His Majesty governed with the assistance of royalty and

nobility. However, adjustments were made to the absolute monarchy system. The concept
of the monarchy as a “Devaraja” or divine ruler—an exalted and sacred status rooted in

Ayutthaya beliefs—was significantly downplayed. Instead, Buddhist principles and the concept of
a Dharmaraja (a king who governs based on Buddhist teachings) became the primary foundation

of governance. This shift aimed to legitimize the monarchy of the new dynasty. The Devaraja
concept, however, remained in certain royal ceremonies, cultural practices and court traditions,

such as the coronation ceremony and the oath of allegiance ceremony. This is to preserve
cultural heritage from the Ayutthaya period. The king emphasized governance based on principles

of righteousness, particularly the Ten Royal Virtues, Twelve Royal Duties, and Four Principles of
Social Harmony. His Majesty enforced moral conduct among government officials, who were the

mechanism in the administration of the country, ensuring they led virtuous lives while encouraging
the people to uphold moral standards. His primary royal duties throughout his reign focused on

maintaining peace, ensuring the people’s well-being, and fostering prosperity.
Organization of the Administration of the Country King Rama I retained the

Ayutthaya administrative structure but implemented reforms to adapt to the changing
circumstances and enhance the kingdom’s stability. The central administration included two

principal ministers: the Samuhaphrakhlawhom (Minister of Defense), responsible for military
affairs and the Samuhanayok (Minister of Civil Affairs), overseeing civilian administration.

Next in line were the four Chatusadoms: Krom Mueang or Krom Wiang (City Affairs), Krom Wang

53

7/7/2568 BE 15:17
-25-0508(001)P5.indd 53 7/7/2568 BE 15:17
-25-0508(001)P5.indd 53