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≈’ ≈“°“√‡√’ ¬π√Ÿâ -≈’ ≈“°“√ Õπ The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand Vol. 33 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2008 94 learning style. Reston, VA : National Association of Secondary School Princi- pals. _______. (1991). Learning style: Cognitive and thinking skills. Reston, VA : National Association of Secondary School Principals. King, J. (1994). Learning styles and absen- teeism: Is there a connection ? A research report, University of North Texas : Center for instructional studies. Kolb, D.A. (1976). Learning Style Inven- tory. Boston: McBer & Co. _______. (1981). Experiential learning theory and the learning style inventory : A reply to Friedman and Stumpy. Acad- emy of Management Review, 6 (2) : 289-296. _______. (1985). Learning Style Inventory : Self-scoring inventory and interpretation booklet. Boston: McBer & Co. McCarthy, B. (1980). The 4 MAT System: Teaching to learning styles with right/ left mode techniques. Melton, C.D. (1990). Bridging the cultural gap: A study of Chinese studentsû learning style preferences. RELC Journal, 21, 1 (June, 1990) : 29. Oû Brien, L. (1989). Learning styles: Make the students aware. NASSP Bulletin, 73 (519), 85-89. Ramirez, M. and Castaneda, A. (1974). Cultural democracy : Bicognitive development and education. New York: Academic Press. Reid, J.M. (1987). The learning style pre- ferences of ESL students. TESOL Quar- terly, 21, 1 (March, 1987) : 87-111. Reinert, H. (1976). Edmonds Learning Style Identification Exercise (ELSIE). Stahl, S.A. (1999). Different strokes for dif- ferent folks? A critique of learning styles. American Educator, 23 (3) : 27- 31. Stronck, D.R. (1980). The educational implications of human individuality. American Biology Teacher, 42 : 146-151. Witkin, H.A. et al. (1977). Field-dependent and independent cognitive styles and their educational implications. Review of Edu- cational Research, 47 (winter 1977) : 1-64. Within, H.A and Goodenaryler, D.R. (1981). Cognitive styles : Essence and origins . New York: International University. Witkin, H.A., Oltman, P., Raskin, E. and Karp, S.A. (1971). A manual for the Embedded Figures Tests. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press. Abstract Learning Styles-Teaching Styles Tisana Khemmani Associate Fellow of the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences, The Royal Institute, Thailand A learning style is the way a person learns best as it responds to his perceptual and cognitive processes as well as his experiences and environment. This article presents various models of learning styles developed by Keefe, Witkin, Kolb, McCarthy, Grasha and Reichman, Canfield and Dunn and Dunn. Teaching styles responding to each learning style and selected instruments developed through research are also presented. The study of learning styles can promote teachersû understanding of studentsûs behaviors and problems. Teachers can help their students learn better by giving them more opportunity to use their preferred learning styles. However, while encouraging studentûs strengths, teachers need to pay attention to their weak points as well and be careful in choosing the right and good instruments for identifying studentsû learning styles. Key words : learning style, teaching style