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‘ ∑∏‘ ¡“°´å ·≈–Õß§å °“√§Õ¡¡‘ «π‘ µå “°≈∑’Ë Ò The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand Vol. 33 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2008 108 Abstract Marxism and the First International Sanchai Suwangbutra Associate Fellow of the Moral and Political Sciences, The Royal Institute, Thailand Marxism is a political and social doctrine developed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. It is a theory of the nature of history and politics as well as a prescription for revolutionary action to bring the working class to power and create a classless society. In the latter part of the 19th century, Marxism was adopted by a majority of the rising labor and socialist movement in Europe (except England) and embodied as the official philosophy in the Social Democratic parties. Marx and Engels wrote The Communist Manifesto at the request of the Communist League of London. It was not widely read at first but later it became the Bible of the working class and the basis of communism as well. They also organized the First International, Working Menûs Association which brought together the representatives of revolutionary socialism from many countries. The First International lasted until 1876 when it was dissolved in Philadelphia, after Marxûs battle with Bakunin over its leadership, resulting in the transference of its headquarters to New York and Its ultimate demise. Key words: Karl Marx, Communist Manifesto, First International