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The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand Volume II - 2010 Chayan Picheansoonthon, Suppachai Tiyaworanant 91 The Genus Gagnepainia K. Schum. (Zingiberaceae) in Thailand Chayan Picheansoonthon 1,2 and Suppachai Tiyaworanant 2 1 Fellow of the Royal Institute, Academy of Science 2 Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University Abstract Two rare Thai medicinal plant species of the genus Gagnepainia K. Schum. (family Zingiberaceae), G. godefroyi (Baill.) K. Schum. and G. thoreliana (Baill.) K. Schum., are enumerated. Descriptions and illustrations of both taxa are given. Key words: Gagnepainia K. Schum., Thailand, G. godefroyi (Baill.) K. Schum., G. thoreliana (Baill.) K. Schum. Introduction As a part of our afford to establish fundamental knowledge, particularly on ethnobotany and taxonomy, of the Thai Zingiberaceae, one of the most important medicinal plant family in Thailand, for future research and development, we have continued studying on the tribe Globbeae . As a result, the genus Hemiorchis Kurz in Thailand was revised (Picheansoonthon 2009). A new taxon, Globba ranongensis Picheans. & Tiyawor. was also recently added (Picheansoonthon & Tiyaworanant, 2010). K. Schum. (1904) transferred 3 species previously placed under the genus Hemiorchis Kurz to his new genus, Gagnepainia K. Schum.: G. harmandii (Baill.) K. Schum., G. godefroyi (Baill.) K. Schum., and G. thoreliana (Baill.) K. Schum. based mainly on the longer (than the labella) filaments and the erect anthers. The genus was named in honour of Francois Gagnepain (1866-1952), a famous French botanist. The type specimens of these 3 species were collected from the former French Indochina. Since then, no other new taxa have been added. K. Larsen (1996) listed 2 species, G. godefroyi (Baill.) K. Schum. and G. glabra K. Larsen & S. S. Larsen. The latter species was presumably their new species.