สำนักราชบัณฑิตยสภา

The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand Volume II - 2010 Śaivism in Thailand as Recorded in Inscriptions and Old Documents from Sixth Century to Early Ayudhyā Period 54 Prāsād Sdok Kak Thom Inscription (CE 1052) The inscription was found at Prāsād Sdok Kak Thom and dates back to CE 1052. It records the erection of a liṅga named Śārvajayendravarmeśvara by a Brāhmaṇa named Sadāśiva whose title is Jayendrapaṇḍita at the temple named Bhadraniketana, known at present as Prāsād Sdok Kak Thom, (Chakravarti 1980 : Introduction, XXI) . Prāsād Sdok Kak Thom is situated in Tambol Khoksūng, Tāphrayā District, Prāchīnburī Province (Thabian Borānavatthu Sthān Thua Rāja Ānā Cakr 1973:370). It begins with an invocation to Śiva , who is described as the one whose real nature is ātman (Supreme Reality) which cannot be expressed in words but its existence can be inferred by the fact that it pervades the whole bodies of living beings and causes their sensual organs to function (Chakravarti 1980 : 1, verse II). He is further invoked to protect the whole universe with his three eyes which are the moon, the sun and fire. Those, who see the real nature of ātman, see him clearly in all respects (1980: 1, verse II). This inscription is a very important source of the cult of Devarāja in ancient Cambodia. The cult gradually developed when a Brāhmaṇa named Hiraṇyadāma who disclosed the mystery of Devarāja and taught to Śivakaivalya four texts embodied the doctrine of the cult, namely, Vīṇāśikha, Sammohana, Śiraścheda and Nayottara. King Jayavarman II and Hiraṇyadāma gave to the matrilineal family of Śivakaivalya the right to worship Devarāja. Seven generations of successors of Śivakaivalya, the kings they served, the property they acquired and the foundations they made in different parts of the country are described (1980 : Introduction, XIII). King Jayavarman II, the founder of the kingdom of Angkor, ruled Cambodia from CE 802-52. He started after returning from Java by establishing himself in the city of Indrapura. It was here, it seems, that the young king took into his services as royal chaplain, a Brāhmaṇa named Śivakaivalya, who was to follow him in all his changes of residence and to become the first chief priest of a new cult, that of the Devarāja, or “God-King” (Cœdès 1968: 95-8). The Inscriptions in the Khmer language The inscription of Prāsād Hin Phnomvan 3 (CE 1182) The inscriptions in the Khmer language that are related to Śaivism commonly record the gift of land, slaves, and other materials useful for temples by kings or by certain dignitaries to certain Brahmanic temples. Here is one example. The inscription of Prāsād Hin Phnomvan 3 , dated CE 1182, is at one of the doors on the