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156 The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand Volume III - 2011 156 Quinine and Quin-Ghao, Natureûs Two Most Important Anti-malarial Drugs Table 2. Time Line for Quin-Ghao Discovery 200 BC The earliest record in the çFifty-two Prescriptionsé unearthed from the Mawangdui Han Dynasty Tombs. 340 AD Anti-fever properties of Quin-Ghao first described by Ge Hong (284-363) in China 1960-1971 The systematic screening of the Chinese materia medica led to the first demonstration of the antimalarial effects of an extract of Quin Ghao 1970s Artemisinin, qinghaosu , was extracted from the traditional Chinese medical drug Quin-Ghao (the blue-green herb) 1979 The human trails were published in the Chinese Medical Journal 1982 The first international publication on artimisinin 1986 Pharmaceutical production of marketable drugs began 1990-2004 WHO started to investigate artemisinin and its derivatives 2006 WHO guideline as first line drug for severe malaria in adult 2011 WHO guideline as first line drug for severe malaria in all age groups Figure legends. Figure 1. World Malaria Situation (WHO, 2009) 150-159_mac9 5/10/12, 12:23 AM 156