สำนักงานราชบัณทิตยสภา

The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand Volume IV - 2012 69  Other Mangrove Animals There are various animals that live in the mangroves such as birds, egrets, her- ons, king fi shers, mammals such as monkeys, otters, wildcats, and bats. Dugong and dolphin species are also found in the mangroves. Reptiles such as snakes, turtles, and various species of insects such as moth, butter fl y, caterpillars and bees are also found in mangroves. Fire fl ies on the Sonneratia sp are a major attraction and various tour- ists visiting mangroves come to see them. Other smaller organisms such as copepods, nematodes and fungi are also important species and in abundance in mangrove forests. Mangroves….. National Livelihood Resources The mangroves provide numerous livelihood opportunities that ful fi ll the four basic needs of living such as shelter, food, medicine and cloth. People who live in coastal areas and/or nearby the mangrove forests achieve these bene fi ts through the utilization of mangrove resources. Mangroves are composed of various kinds of trees, as it was mentioned previously, they act as a “wood bank”. Coastal communities can use mangrove wood and make a living out of them through several means; they can use it as poles, fi re wood, construction materials, and fi shing gears. Woods from species of Rhizophora , Avicennia , Bruguiera and Xylocarpus are particularly bene fi cial for use by coastal communities. In addition, mangrove woods from Rhizophora spp are widely used for making charcoal that has the best quality compared to other mangrove and terrestrial woods. It can also be used for domestic cooking, and surplus amounts can be sold for additional income. Oyster Clam Cockle Figure 12: Common and commercial species of molluscs in mangroves Sanit Aksornkoae