สำนักงานราชบัณทิตยสภา

141  The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand Volume IV - 2012 Findings related to verb in fl ection In fl ection for verbs was also found to include a number of variations. While there are very few variations for 3 rd -person non-past, and just fi ve variations for the present participle, there are approximately 100 irregular verbs of different types for past tense and past participle forms, as well as other types of variation. This also indicates that in fl ection for verbs in English requires more consideration than simply adding the af fi xes –s, –ing, and –ed. For present 3 rd –person singular, verbs are formed by adding the af fi x –s for both regular and irregular verbs. In the case of verbs ending with a sibilant consonant, the suf fi x –es is added. Also, verbs that end with –y preceded by a consonant have the –y changed to –i- and then the suf fi x –es is added. To form the present participle, the suf fi x –ing is added to all verbs. However, the spelling of the present participle varies slightly according to the speci fi c environment. When the verb ends with –e, that –e is deleted and when the verb ends with a consonant preceded by a short vowel, that consonant must be doubled. A few verbs ending with –ie will have the –ie changed to –y and a few others ending with –c will have a –k added before the suf fi x –ing. The suf fi x –ed is normally added to verbs in order to form them into both the past tense and past participle forms. This is considered the regular process for verbs in Modern English. Depending on the environment of the verb, a number of spelling variations can be found for these regular forms using the suf fi x -ed. Verbs that are formed in ways other than through the use of the suf fi x –ed are considered to be irregular. Some of these verbs add suf fi xes –d or –t similar to regular past tense verb forms. Many others are formed through changes in the vowels of the verbs. Some of them have a zero suf fi x and do not change at all. While there are some general patterns for the irregular past tense forms, the number of variations is greatly varied and not easily predicted. For the past participle forms, there are also various ways other than the af fi x – ed. These irregular forms have many variations. Although there are some general patterns, this aspect of in fl ection is also highly irregular and unpredictable. Also, some past participles have two accepted forms, regular and irregular. Suwaree Yordchim