สำนักราชบัณฑิตยสภา

The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand Vol. 27 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2002 π— ¬ª√–™“∏‘ ª‰µ¬„π«‘ ∂’ °“√‡¡◊ Õ߉∑¬ ∫√√≥“πÿ °√¡ Ò. ®— °√ª√“≥’ »√’ »’ ≈«‘ ÿ ∑∏‘Ï , À≈«ß. Õ∏‘ ∫“¬ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠°“√ª°§√Õß·ºà 𥑠𠬓¡ ‡ª√’ ¬∫‡∑’ ¬∫°— ∫ª√–‡∑»µà “ßÊ. °√ÿ ߇∑æœ: ‚√ßæ‘ ¡æå ¬“¡∫√√≥°‘ ®; ÚÙ˜ı. Ú. ∑‘ æ«√√≥ ‡®’ ¬¡∏’ √ °ÿ ≈. ª∞¡∑√√»πå ∑“ß °“√‡¡◊ ÕߢÕߪ√’ ¥’ æπ¡¬ß»å . °√ÿ ߇∑æœ: ∂“∫— π — πµ‘ ª√–™“∏√√¡; ÚıÒÛ. Û. π§√‘ π∑√å ‡¡¶‰µ√√— µπå . °“√ªØ‘ «— µ‘ ¬“¡ æ.». ÚÙ˜ı. «“√ “√∏√√¡»“ µ√å ÚıÛˆ; Ò˘ (©∫— ∫∑’Ë Ú æƒ…¿“§¡- ‘ ßÀ“§¡). Ù. π§√‘ π∑√å ‡¡¶‰µ√√— µπå . °“√ªØ‘ «— µ‘ ¬“¡ æ.». ÚÙ˜ı, æ‘ ¡æå §√—È ß∑’Ë Ú. °√ÿ ߇∑æœ: Õ— ¡√‘ π∑√å °“√æ‘ ¡æå ; ÚıÙ. ı. ª√–‡ √‘ ∞ ªí ∑¡– ÿ §π∏å . √— ∞ ¿“‰∑¬„π√Õ∫ ’Ë ‘ ∫ Õߪï (ÚÙ˜ı-ÚıÒ˜). °√ÿ ߇∑æœ: ™.™ÿ ¡πÿ ¡™à “ß; ÚıÒ˜. ˆ. ª√’ ¥’ æπ¡¬ß§å . §≥–√“…Æ√°— ∫°“√Õ¿‘ «— ≤πå ª√–™“∏‘ ª‰µ¬ ÚÙ ¡‘ ∂ÿ π“¬π. °√ÿ ߇∑æœ: ‡®√‘ ≠√— ∞°“√æ‘ ¡æå ; ÚıÚÚ. ˜. æ√–√“™∫— ≠≠— µ‘ ∏√√¡πŸ ≠°“√ª°§√Õß·ºà 𠥑 𠬓¡™—Ë «§√“« ÚÙ˜ı ¯. æŸ πæ‘ »¡— ¬ ¥‘ »°ÿ ≈, À¡à Õ¡‡®â “À≠‘ ß. ‘Ë ß∑’Ë ¢â “懮⠓æ∫‡ÀÁ π. Àπ— ß ◊ Õæ√–√“™∑“π ‡æ≈‘ ß»æ À¡à Õ¡‡®â “À≠‘ ßæŸ πæ‘ »¡— ¬ ¥‘ »°ÿ ≈, ÚÛ ‘ ßÀ“§¡ ÚıÛÛ, ˘. ‰æ‚√®πå ™— ¬π“¡. √— ∞∏√√¡πŸ ≠∫∑°ÆÀ¡“¬ ·≈–‡Õ° “√ ”§— ≠„π∑“ß°“√‡¡◊ ÕߢÕß ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬. °√ÿ ߇∑æœ: ‚√ßæ‘ ¡æå ¡À“«‘ ∑¬“≈— ¬∏√√¡»“ µ√å ; ÚıÒ˘. Ò. √— ∞∏√√¡πŸ ≠·Àà ß√“™Õ“≥“®— °√‰∑¬ ©∫— ∫ ª√–™“™π ‘ ßÀ“§¡ ÚıÙ (√à “ß). ®— ¥ ∑”‚¥¬§≥–°√√¡∏‘ °“√ª√–™“ — ¡æ— π∏å ¿“√à “ß√— ∞∏√√¡πŸ ≠. ÒÒ. «‘ ‡∑»°√≥’ ¬å (π“¡·Ωß). §«“¡‡ªì π¡“·Àà ß ª√–™“∏‘ ª‰µ¬ ‡≈à ¡ Ú. °√ÿ ߇∑æœ: ºà “π øÑ “æ‘ ∑¬“; ÚıÒÒ. ÒÚ. ¡§‘ ¥ ‡≈‘ »‰æ±Ÿ √¬å . √— ∞∏√√¡πŸ ≠„πÕÿ ¥¡§µ‘ ¢Õߪ√’ ¥’ æπ¡¬ß§å . ∫∑§«“¡«‘ ™“°“√∑’ Ë ‡¢’ ¬π¢÷È π‡π◊Ë Õß„π«“√–§√∫√Õ∫ Ò ªï ™“µ°“≈¢Õß»“ µ√“®“√¬å ¥√.ª√’ ¥’ æπ¡- ¬ß§å ‡ πÕ∑’ Ë §≥–√— ∞»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘ ∑¬“≈— ¬ ∏√√¡»“ µ√å ‡¡◊Ë Õ«— π∑’Ë ˘ 情¿“§¡ ÚıÙÛ. ÒÛ. «à “ß ≈“π‡À≈◊ Õ. Û˜ ªï ·Àà ß°“√ªØ‘ «— µ‘ . °√ÿ ߇∑æœ: ‚√ßæ‘ ¡æå §ÿ √ÿ ¿“; ÚıÒÙ ÒÙ. ÿ æ®πå ¥à “πµ√–°Ÿ ≈. æ√–ª°‡°≈â “°— ∫§≥– √“…Æ√. °√ÿ ߇∑æœ: ”π— °æ‘ ¡æå ®‘ √«√√≥ πÿ √≥å ; ÚıÚˆ. Òı. À≈«ßª√–¥‘ …∞å ¡πŸ ∏√√¡. §”Õ∏‘ ∫“¬ °ÆÀ¡“¬ª°§√Õß. Àπ— ß ◊ Õß“π»æ æ≈.µ. æ— ≤πå π‘ ≈«— ≤π“ππ∑å . °√ÿ ߇∑æœ: π‘ µ‘ ‡«™; ÚıÒÛ Òˆ. À≈«ß‚À¡√Õπ√“≠. ‡¡◊Ë Õ¢â “æ‡®â “°à Õ°“√ °∫Æ. °√ÿ ߇∑æœ: ‰¡à ª√“°Ø ∂“π∑’Ë æ‘ ¡æå ·≈–ªï ∑’Ë æ‘ ¡æå . Ò˜. À¬ÿ ¥ · ßÕÿ ∑— ¬. À≈— °√— ∞∏√√¡πŸ ≠∑— Ë «‰ª. °√ÿ ߇∑æœ: ”π— °æ‘ ¡æå «‘ ≠êŸ ™π; ÚıÛ˜. Ò¯. Gerth HH, Wright Mills C, translaters and editors. From Max Weber, New York: Oxford Univ Press; 1972. Ú˜ˆ ¡’ §ÿ ≥ ¡∫— µ‘ ‡ªì π𓬰√— ∞¡πµ√’ ‰¥â . ºâŸ §π¬— ß¡Õß«à “æ√√§°“√‡¡◊ Õ߇ªì π Õß§å °√¢Õß∫ÿ §§≈À√◊ Õ§≥–∫ÿ §§≈¡“° °«à “‡ªì πÕß§å °√°“√‡¡◊ Õß∑’Ë ‡ªì π¢Õß ª√–™“™π ∑’Ë ª√–™“™π®–‡¢â “‰ª¡’ à «π √à «¡Õ¬à “ß®√‘ ß®— ß. ∑—È ßÀ¡¥∑’Ë ‰¥â 𔇠πÕ¡“π’È ‡æ◊Ë Õ∑’Ë ®–· ¥ßµà Õ∑à “π«à “π— ¬ª√–™“∏‘ ª‰µ¬∑’ Ë ª√“°Ø„π™à «ß‡«≈“ Òı ªï ·√°¢Õß°“√ √⠓ߪ√–™“∏‘ ª‰µ¬ ‚¥¬Õ‘ ߇հ “√ ”§— ≠ Õ— π‰¥â ·°à ª√–°“»§”·∂≈ß ¢Õߧ≥–√“…Æ√ °— ∫√— ∞∏√√¡πŸ ≠ Û ©∫— ∫·√°π—È π ‰¥â ¡’ Õ¬àŸ µà Õ¡“Õ¬à “ß‰√ ·¡â ®–¡’ §«“¡æ¬“¬“¡„π∫“ß™à «ß‡«≈“ ∑’Ë «à “‰¥â ¡’ ‘Ë ß·ª≈°„À¡à ¢Õß√–∫Õ∫ ª√–™“-∏‘ ª‰µ¬‡°‘ ¥¢÷È π ·∑â ®√‘ ß·≈â « À“°æ‘ ®“√≥“µ‘ ¥µ“¡‚¥¬≈–‡Õ’ ¬¥®“° µ— «√— ∞∏√√¡πŸ ≠∑’Ë ‡¢’ ¬πµà Õ¡“Õ’ °À≈“¬ ©∫— ∫‚¥¬·°à π·∑â ·≈â «¡‘ ‰¥â ¡’ π— ¬ª√–™“- ∏‘ ª‰µ¬∑’Ë ·µ°µà “ß®“°∑’Ë ‡§¬¡’ ¡“·µà Õ¬à “ß„¥ Õ“®¡’ ‡æ’ ¬ß°“√ª√— ∫‡ß◊Ë Õπ‰¢ ·≈–„Àâ ·π«∑“ß„π°“√ªØ‘ ∫— µ‘ „Àâ ∑”‰¥â ¥’ ¢÷ È π‡∑à “π— È π‡Õß. Abstract The Meaning of Democracy in Thai Politics Noranit Setthabut Associate Member, the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences, the Royal Institute, Thailand The system of absolute monarchy of Thailand was changed in 1932 through a bloodless revolu- tion of the military and Western-educated Thais. This was the most important transition in modern Thai politics. Since then, Thailand has been governed through a constitutional monarchy. To understand the meaning of Thai democracy, the author explores and studies three important documents: 1. The first declaration of the revolutionary group on June 24, 1932. 2. The temporary constitution of June 27, 1932. 3. The permanent constitution of December 10, 1932. Finally, the study concludes that the Thai government has been a parliamentary system since its beginning until now. More importantly, it found that the six principles of the People’s Party, or the revolutionary group, were the main objectives for democratization in Thailand. Unfortunately, they have been overlooked for long time. Key word : Thai democracy