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«“√ “√ √“™∫— ≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ªï ∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫— ∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’ .§. ÚıÙı ∑»æ√ «ß»å √— µπå Ò¯ı ‡Õ° “√ª√–°Õ∫°“√‡√’ ¬∫‡√’ ¬ß Ò. Crone GR, Kendall A. The voyages of discovery. New York: GP Putnamûs Sons; 1970. p. 1-128. Ú. Day MH. The fossil history of man. USA: State Printing Co; 1985. p. 1-15. Û. Halstead BW. Venomous marine ani- mals of the world. Washington: US Government Printing Office; 1965. p. 1:1-994. Ù. Oakley KP. Man the tool-maker. Northants: Staples Printers Ltd; 1972. p. 1-101. °“√≥å √Ÿâ «à “¬— ߉¡à ‡§¬¡’ „§√„π‚≈°‰¥â «“¥‰«â „π§ÿ ≥¿“æ∑’Ë ‡√“∑”‰¥â ‚¥¬ ‡©æ“–°“√·°â ªí ≠À“‡√◊Ë Õß¢π“¥·≈– °“√‡√’ ¬ß·∂« ‡√’ ¬ß·π«¢Õ߇°≈Á ¥ ·µà °Á ¬— ß¡’ §”∂“¡Õ’ °‡ ¡Õ«à “™Õ∫¿“æ«“¥ „¥¡“°∑’ Ë ÿ ¥ ´÷ Ë ß°Á ‰¥â §”µÕ∫‰ª∑ÿ °§√— È ß «à “ ™Õ∫∑ÿ °¿“æ ‡æ√“–∂Ÿ °µâ Õ߇ªì π ¡“µ√∞“π‡¥’ ¬«°— πÀ¡¥ ·≈–‰¡à ‡§¬¡’ ¿“æ«“¥™‘È π„¥∑’Ë ∑”¢÷È π·≈â «‡ ’ ¬À“¬ À√◊ Õº‘ ¥æ≈“¥°≈“ߧ— π‡≈¬. „π∞“π–π— °Õπÿ °√¡«‘ ∏“πª≈“∑’Ë ·µ°µà “ß®“°æ√√§æ«°∑—Ë «‚≈° ‡æ√“– ¢â “懮⠓«“¥¿“扥â ∑”„Àâ ‰¥â √— ∫°“√ °≈à “«¢“π∑’Ë µà “߉ª®“°§πÕ◊Ë πÊ∑—È ßÀ¡¥ ´÷Ë ßÀ“°®–®â “ß™à “ß«“¥ ‡©æ“–¿“æ ª≈“°√“¬®–‡ ’ ¬§à “„™â ®à “¬„πªí ®®ÿ ∫— π ª√–¡“≥‰¡à µË ”°«à “ Ù ¥Õ≈≈“√å À√— ∞. °“√‰¥â ¡’ ‚Õ°“ — ߇°µ√“¬ ≈–‡Õ’ ¬¥∑’Ë ‡ªì π‚§√ß √â “ßµà “ßÊ ∑—È ß¿“¬ πÕ°·≈–¿“¬„π·µà ≈–µ”·Àπà ߢÕßµ— « ª≈“·µà ≈–™π‘ ¥·≈–¢π“¥ ¬— ß∑”„Àâ ‰¥â ¢â Õ¡Ÿ ≈∑’ Ë ≈–‡Õ’ ¬¥¡“° ‡™à π‡¡◊ Ë Õ§√— È ß«“¥ ª≈“À≈— ߇¢’ ¬« °ÿ ≈ Herklotsichthys º≈°“√µ√«®®πæ∫°“√‡√’ ¬ßµ— «¢Õß ‡°≈Á ¥∑’Ë ´â Õπ∑— ∫°— πæ‘ ¥“√ µ≈Õ¥®π ‚§√ß √â “ß·≈–®”π«π¢Õ߇°≈Á ¥„π ·π«Àπâ “§√’ ∫À≈— ß ∑”„Àâ ºŸâ ‡¢’ ¬π‰¥â ¢â Õ¡Ÿ ≈∑’Ë „™â · ¥ß§«“¡·µ°µà “ß∑’Ë ‡¥à π ™— ¥¡“°„π°“√·¬°ª≈“ °ÿ ≈π’È ∑ÿ °™π‘ ¥ ‰¡à «à “¢π“¥‡≈Á °À√◊ Õ„À≠à ÕÕ°®“° °ÿ ≈ Sardinella ‰¥â Õ¬à “ßßà “¬¥“¬ ‡ªì πº≈„Àâ ‰¥â √Ÿâ «à “¡’ ª≈“ °ÿ ≈ Herklotsichthys Õ¬Ÿà „π‡¢µÕ‘ π‚¥-·ª´‘ øî °∂÷ ß Ò ™π‘ ¥, „π®”π«ππ’È ‡ªì π™π‘ ¥„À¡à Û ™π‘ ¥ ·≈–‰¥â „Àâ ™◊Ë Õ‰«â „Àâ „™â °— π∑—Ë «‰ª·≈â «. ªí ®®ÿ ∫— π·¡â «à “„πÀ¡Ÿà π— °Õπÿ °√¡ «‘ ∏“π‰¡à «à “æ◊ ™À√◊ Õ — µ«å µà “ß°Á ¡’ °≈â Õß ∂à “¬¿“æ§ÿ ≥ ¡∫— µ‘ µà “ßÊ ¡“°¡“¬ ·µà °Á √Ÿâ °— π«à “¥â «¬«‘ ∏’ °“√∂à “¬¿“æ‡√“ ‰¡à “¡“√∂· ¥ß§«“¡·µ°µà “ߢÕß ª≈“ Õß “¡™π‘ ¥∑’Ë ¡’ ≈— °…≥–„°≈â ‡§’ ¬ß°— π¡“°®“°√Ÿ ª¿“æ∂à “¬‰¥â . ·µà ¢â Õ·µ°µà “ߥ— ß°≈à “« “¡“√∂· ¥ß √“¬≈–‡Õ’ ¬¥‰¥â ¥’ ¥â «¬¿“æ«“¥≈“¬‡ â π. °“√¡’ ¿“æ«“¥¥â «¬Ωï ¡◊ Õª√–°Õ∫º≈ ß“π°Á ¬— ß„Àâ §«“¡√Ÿâ ÷ °·≈–¬Õ¡√— ∫°— π «à “„Àâ §«“¡À¡“¬∑’ Ë ¬— ß Ÿ ß°«à “¿“æ∂à “¬ ¡“°¡“¬ ·≈–À“°¬— ߇ªì π¿“æ µâ π©∫— ∫∑’Ë ¡’ §ÿ ≥¿“æ Ÿ ߥ⠫¬·≈â «°Á ¬— ß ®–‰¥â √— ∫°“√¬Õ¡√— ∫¡“°¬‘Ë ß¢÷È πÕ’ °. Abstract Philosophy from Fish Drawings Thosaporn Wongratana Fellow, the Academy of Science, the Royal Institute, Thailand Man is a social animal with the power of reason developed to a relatively high degree. Because of his pliant five-fingered hands, man is the most adaptable of all creatures. It is possible that early man learned to draw for amusement by imitating the scratches made by animals, using his hands, with stones to trace around shadows. The rock pictures of the cave dwellers provide plenty of evi- dence of primitive man’s keen power of observation. Ancient drawings show remarkable art, giving historical, scientific and sociological fact. Fish drawings are more time-consuming than those pre- pared from negatives and therefore more expensive, but they give the illustrator or users a greater knowledge of fish. The crudest diagram of a fish reveals more of its character than the average de- scription and facilitates identification of species. Key word : fish drawings