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«“√ “√ √“™∫— ≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ªï ∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫— ∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’ .§. ÚıÙı Õ√√∂ ‘ ∑∏‘ Ï ‡«™™“™’ «–, ÿ √æ≈ Õ‘ √‰°√»’ ≈ Òı˜ µâ 𰔇𑠥‰¥â ®ÿ ¥ª√–°“¬„Àâ ‡°‘ ¥§«“¡ À«— ß«à “®– “¡“√∂π”‡´≈≈å µâ 𰔇𑠥 ¡“„™â „π°“√√— °…“‚√§µà “ßÊ ‡™à π ‚√§ ¡Õ߇ ◊Ë Õ¡, ‚√§æ“√å °‘ π — π, ‚√§ À≈Õ¥‡≈◊ Õ¥Õÿ ¥µ— π, ‚√§‡∫“À«“π, ‚√§ À— «„®≈â ¡‡À≈«·µà °Á ¡’ ªí ≠À“∑’Ë µâ Õß·°â ‰¢ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–ªí ≠À“¥â “π®√‘ ¬∏√√¡„π °“√‡°Á ∫‡´≈≈å µâ 𰔇𑠥µ— «Õà Õπ¡“„™â ·≈–¬— ßµâ Õß°“√§«“¡√⟠§«“¡‡¢â “„®∑’Ë ∂à Õß·∑â ‡°’ Ë ¬«°— ∫‡´≈≈å µâ 𰔇𑠥°à Õπ∑’ Ë ®–ª√–¬ÿ °µå „™â √— °…“ºâ Ÿ ªÉ «¬. ‡Õ° “√Õâ “ßÕ‘ ß Ò. Annas GJ, Caplan A, Elias S. Stem cell politics, ethics and medical progress. Nature Med 1999; 5: 1339- 41. Ú. Thomson JA, Itskovitz-Eldor J, Shapiro SS, Waknitz MA, Swiergiel JJ, Marshall VS, et al. Embryonic stem cell lines derived from human blastocysts. Science 1998; 282: 1145- 7. Û. Anderson DJ, Gage FH, Weissman IL. Can stem cells cross lineage boundaries? Nature Med 2001; 7: 393-5. Ù. Rao MS, Mattson MP. Stem cells and aging: expanding the possibili- ties. Mech Aging Dev 2001; 122: 713-34. ı. Kehat I, Kanyagin-Karsenti D, Snir M, Segev H, Amit M, Gepstein A, et al. Human embryonic stem cells can differentiate into myocytes with struc- tural and functional properties of cardiomyocytes. J Clin Invest 2001; 108: 407-14. ˆ. Hescheler J, Fleischmann BK, Lentini S, Mattsev VA, Rohwedel J, Wobus AM, Addicks K. Embryonic stem cells: a model to study structural and functional properties in cardiomyo- genesis. Cardiovasc Res 1997; 36: 149-62. ˜. Lumelsky N, Blondel O, Laeng P, Velasco I, Ravin P, McKay R. Dif- ferentiation of embroyonic stem cells to insulin-secreting structure to pan- creatic islets. Science 2001; 292: 1389-94. ¯. Okabe S, Forsberg - Nilsson K, Spiro AC, Segal M, McKay RD. Devel- opment of neuronal precursor cells and functional postmitotic neurous from embryonic stem cells in vitro. Mech Dev 1996; 59: 89-102. ˘. Svendsen CN, Caldwell MA, Ostenfeld T. Human neural stem cells: isolation, expansion and trans- plantation. Brain Patho 1999; 9: 433- 513. Ò. Kaufman DS, Hanson ET, Lewis RL, Auerbach R, Thomson JA. Hemato- poietic colony - forming cells derived from human embryonic stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001; 98: 10716-21. ÒÒ. Folkerth RD, Durso R. Survival and proliferation of nonneural tissues, with obstruction of cerebral ven- tricles, in a parkinsonian patient treated with fetal allografts. Neuro- logy 1996; 46: 1219-25. ÒÚ. McDonald JW, Liu XZ, Qu Y, Liu S, Mickey SK, Turetsky D, et al. Transplanted embryonic stem cells survive, differentiate and promote recovery in injured rat spinal cord. Nature Med 1999; 5: 1410-2. ÒÛ. Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990. Chapter 37, London HMSO. ÒÙ. π√‘ » ‡®π«‘ √‘ ¬–. °“√‡¡◊ Õ߇√◊Ë Õß stem cell ¡Õ߉ª„π‚≈°°«â “ß. ‡¡¥‘ §Õ≈‰∑¡å Ò-Òı °— 𬓬π ÚıÙÙ, Àπâ “ Ú˜. Òı. Asiaweek August 24, 2001, Asiaûs stem cell savant. pp. 34-7. Òˆ. Ferrari G, Cusella - de Angelis G, Colette M, Paolucci E, Stomaivola A, Cossu G, Mavilio F. Muscle re- generation by bone marrow-derived myogenic progenitors. Science 1998; 279: 1528-30. Ò˜. Woodburg D, Schwart EJ, Prockup DJ, Black IB. Adult rat and human bone marrow stromal cells differen- tiate into neurons. J Neurosci Res 2000; 61: 364-70. Ò¯. Morrison SJ. Stem cell potential: Can anything make anything? Curr Biol 2000; 11: R7-R9. Ò˘. Goodell MA, Jackson KH, Majka SM, Mi T, Wang H, Pocius J, et al. Stem cell plasticity in muscle and bone marrow. Ann NY Acad Sci 2001; 938: 208-10. Ú. Orlic D, Kajstura J, Chimenti S, Jakoniuk I, Anderson SM, Li B, et al. Bone marrow cells regenerate infarcted myocardium. Nature 2001; 410: 640-1. ÚÒ. Zhang SC, Ge B, Duncan ID. Adult brain retains the potential to gene- rate oligodendroglial progenitors with extensive myelination capacity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999; 96: 4089- 94. ÚÚ. Mancardi GL, Saccardi MD, Filippi M, Gualandi F, Murialdo A, Inglese M, et al. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation suppresses Gd-enhanced MRI activity in MS. Neurology 2001; 57: 62-8.