สำนักราชบัณฑิตยสภา

The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand Vol. 27 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2002 §«“¡‡™◊Ë Õ‡√◊Ë Õ߉ ¬»“ µ√å : ¡ÿ ¡¡ÕߢÕßπ— °«‘ ™“°“√ Abstract Belief in Magic Arts from the Standpoint of Academics in Different Fields Adisak Thongboon Associate Member, the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences, the Royal Institute, Thailand This article is improvised from an academic lecture presented at a meeting of fellows and asso- ciates of the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences, the Royal Institute, on November 18, 2000. The lecture was the sixth in a series of lectures called “The Thai world-view according to a meta- physical point of view”. Five parts of this set of lectures have already been presented, the first part being an introduc- tion dealing with “Metaphysical theories and the Thai world-view”, the second part dealing with “The Thai people and Nature”, being a presentation of data from the Thai literature of different periods. It concludes that the early Thai people believed in the laws of nature and supernatural powers in a way that differed from ancient people in general. The third part of the set of lectures dealt with “The Thai people and lunar and solar eclipses”; it presented data on the connection with supernatural powers supportive of the second part, while the fourth part of the lecture series dealt with “The Thai people and the value of nature preservation”. This presentation of data on natural laws supports the second part. The fifth part of the lecture dealt with “Thai people and their belief in magic arts”; it presented data dealing with the Thai people’s belief in various forms of magic arts connected with their life from birth to death in order to analyze the social values discussed in the sixth part of the lecture which is the part on which this article is based. The essence of the material contained in this article has been collected from various analytical views according to the standpoint of academics in different fields, which are then analyzed by the author, and presented as a summary in the next lecture. The first view concerns the anthropological point of view on this subject; it researches the basic origin of magic or “black” arts in comparison with that of religion at the primitive level, and provides a social value analysis of magic arts in comparison with religion. The second view is concerned with the points of view of scientists and Western philosophers; it compares magic arts, science and religion, and science and Buddhism. The third view discusses Buddhist academics’ point of view concerning belief in magic arts as reflected in Buddhist scriptures and the points of view held by the Ven. Phra Dhammapitaka (P.A. Payutto, Special Professor in Buddhism), Professor Preecha Changkhvanyuen (Fellow in Philoso- phy) and Associate Professor (Dr.) Sunthorn Na Rangsri (Fellow in Philosophy). The conclusions show that beliefs of the Thai people combine elements of both Buddhism and magic arts. Key words : magic arts, black arts Û¯Ù «‘ ∑¬“»“ µ√å „π∑√√»π–¢Õßæ√–æÿ ∑∏- »“ π“. °∑¡.: ¡ÿ ∑‘ µ“ — °°“√–‡π◊Ë Õß„π ß“π ¡‚¿™À‘ √— ≥¬∫— Ø¢Õßæ√–Õÿ ∫“≈’ §ÿ ≥Ÿ ª¡“®“√¬å (ªí ≠≠“ Õ‘ π⁄ ∑ªê⁄ ‚≠), ÚıÙ. Àπâ “ Ò-Û. Òˆ. Russell B. Õâ “ß∂÷ ß„π‡Õ° “√‡≈¢∑’ Ë 14 Ò˜. «¥¡πµå ©∫— ∫§≥– ߶å . æ√–π§√: »÷ °…“ π‘ ∏‘ «— ¥æ√–‡™µÿ æπ®— ¥æ‘ ¡æå ; ÚÙ˘ı, Àπâ “ ÒÚ˜. Ò¯. æ√–‰µ√ªî Æ°¿“…“‰∑¬ ©∫— ∫¡À“®ÿ Ó≈ß- °√≥√“™«‘ ∑¬“≈— ¬ ‡≈à ¡ ˘,Ò,ÒÒ. °∑¡.: ‚√ßæ‘ ¡æå ¡À“®ÿ Ó≈ß°√≥√“™«‘ ∑¬“≈— ¬, ÚıÛ˘. Àπâ “ ÚÒ-Ú˜/¯-Ò, ÛÛÒ- ÛÙÛ/Úı˘-Ú˜Ú ·≈– Ú˜ı-Ú˘ı/ ÚÒ˘-ÚÙˆ µ“¡≈”¥— ∫. Ò˘. æ√–∏√√¡ªî Æ° (ª.Õ. ª¬ÿ µ⁄ ‚µ). ∂“π- °“√≥å æ√–æÿ ∑∏»“ π“ °√–· ‰ ¬»“ µ√å . ª√∞°∂“∏√√¡ „π‚Õ°“ ∑’Ë ¡À“®ÿ Ó≈ß- °√≥√“™«‘ ∑¬“≈— ¬‡ªì π‡®â “¿“æ®— ¥æ‘ ∏’ · ¥ß ¡ÿ µ‘ ∑“®‘ µ·¥à Õ“®“√¬å °√ÿ ≥“ °ÿ »≈“ — ¬ „π °“√∑’ Ë ‰¥â √— ∫√“ß«— ≈»√’ ∫Ÿ √æ“ ª√–®”ªï æÿ ∑∏- »— °√“™ ÚıÛ¯ ·≈–Õ“®“√¬å ®”πߧå ∑Õߪ√–‡ √‘ ∞ „π°“√∑’Ë ‰¥â ¥”√ßµ”·Àπà ß ‡≈¢“∏‘ °“√√“™∫— ≥±‘ µ¬ ∂“π ≥ æ√– Õÿ ‚∫ ∂«— ¥¡À“∏“µÿ «— π∑’Ë Úˆ ‘ ßÀ“§¡ æ.». ÚıÛ¯. °∑¡.: ¡Ÿ ≈π‘ ∏‘ æÿ ∑∏∏√√¡ ®— ¥æ‘ ¡æå , ÚıÛ˘ Àπâ “ Ûˆ-ıÚ. Ú. ª√— ∫ª√ÿ ß®“°§” — ¡¿“…≥å ¢Õß».ª√’ ™“ ™â “ߢ«— ≠¬◊ π ·≈– √». ¥√. ÿ π∑√ ≥ √— ß…’ „π«‘ ∑¬“π‘ æπ∏å ‡√◊Ë Õß ç«‘ ‡§√“–Àå ‡√◊Ë Õß ‰ ¬»“ µ√å °— ∫æÿ ∑∏»“ µ√å µ“¡∑√√»π– ¢Õßæ√–∏√√¡ªî Æ° (ª.Õ. ª¬ÿ µ⁄ ‚µ)é ¢Õß æ√–ª√–‡ √‘ ∞ ™ÿ µ‘ π⁄ ∏‚√ µ“¡À≈— ° Ÿ µ√ ª√‘ ≠≠“æÿ ∑∏»“ µ√¡À“∫— ≥±‘ µ “¢“ ª√— ™≠“ ∫— ≥±‘ µ«‘ ∑¬“≈— ¬ ¡À“«‘ ∑¬“≈— ¬ ¡À“®ÿ Ó≈ß°√≥√“™«‘ ∑¬“≈— ¬, ÚıÙÚ, Àπâ “ ÒÙ¯-Òı (Ú°), Àπâ “ Òˆı- Òˆ˜ (Ú¢). ÚÒ. °√¡»‘ ≈ª“°√. »“ π«ß»å À√◊ Õª√–«— µ‘ »“ π“. °∑¡.: Àπ— ß ◊ ÕÕπÿ √≥å ß“πæ√–- √“™∑“π‡æ≈‘ ß»ææ√–√“™∏√√¡ ÿ π∑√ (©à Õß ∂“«‚√) Õ¥’ µ‡®â “Õ“«“ «— ¥æ‘ ™— ¬≠“µ‘ °“√“¡ √Õ߇®â “§≥–¿“§ Òˆ; ÚıÙ, Àπâ “ ı˘- ˆÒ.