สำนักราชบัณฑิตยสภา

«“√ “√ √“™∫— ≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ªï ∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫— ∫∑’Ë Ú ‡¡.¬.-¡‘ .¬. ÚıÙı ¡∫Ÿ √≥å ÿ ¢ ”√“≠ ÛˆÒ Abstract Local Government and Decentralization Somboon Suksamran Associate Member, the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences, the Royal Institute, Thailand Local government in Thailand has been based on the principle of decentralization. Currently, there are four types of local government, namely, Provincial Adminisatration Organization (PAO), Municipality, Subdistrict Administration Organization (SAO), and Special Type of Local Govern- ment. Local governments are essentially legal and autonomous entities. Executive and council mem- bers are elected by the people. They have autonony in making rules and regulations and manage their own budget and affairs to meet the demands of the people in their constituencies. Among the four types of local governments, SAOs are the largest in number, ie. 6,745 SAOs, and they are closest to the people. Thus, the policies and administration of the SAO directly affect and have profound influences on the life of the people. Since the promulgation of the 1987 constitution, several organic laws were enacted to empower and authorize local governments to perform effective functions. These involve the transferring of responsibilities, personnel, and budget from regional and central govern- ments to local governments. The process of transferring commenced in 2001 and will end in 2010. In the first three-year phase (2001-2004), works on communication and transport, sanitary town plan- ning, tourism, control of construction work, occupational development and career promotion would gradually be transferred to local governments. The responsibility for and administration of educa- tion, public health, public peace and order, prevention and relief of public disaster will be trans- ferred to the local government in the second phase (2002-2006). The third phase involves the trans- ferring of responsibility in the areas of the promotion of investment, industry and trade. The management of natural resources and the environment, and the promotion and preservation of art, culture and local wisdom will be the responsibility of the local governments from the beginning. Toward the end of the transferring process, 35 per cent of the fiscal budget will be allocated to the local governments. The decentralization of power and responsibility to the local governments has been a great leap forward. Though the idea is honorable, there have been negative effects. People’s comprehen- sion and consciousness about “self government” has not yet taken deep root in the mind of the voters and local politicians. The idea of people’s participation in self-government seems remote among the great majority. The quality of personnel at the local government needs improvement with more training. Laws and regulations as instruments to facilitate local government are not adequate and many do not fit with the structure. There are also complaints about the lack of budget to run a good local government. However, these problems have gradually been remedied. Key words : local government, decentralization æ.». ÚıÙ ·≈–©∫— ∫·°â ‰¢‡æ‘ Ë ¡‡µ‘ ¡. Ù. æ√–√“™∫— ≠≠— µ‘ ¿“µ”∫≈·≈–Õß§å °“√ ∫√‘ À“√ à «πµ”∫≈ æ.». ÚıÛ˜ ·≈– ©∫— ∫·°â ‰¢‡æ‘ Ë ¡‡µ‘ ¡. ı. æ√–√“™∫— ≠≠— µ‘ ‡∑»∫“≈ æ.». ÚÙ˘ˆ ·≈– ©∫— ∫·°â ‰¢‡æ‘Ë ¡‡µ‘ ¡®π∂÷ ß æ.». ÚıÙÚ. ˆ. æ√–√“™∫— ≠≠— µ‘ √–‡∫’ ¬∫∫√‘ À“√√“™°“√‡¡◊ Õß æ— ∑¬“ æ.». ÚıÙÚ ˜. æ√–√“™∫— ≠≠— µ‘ √–‡∫’ ¬∫∫√‘ À“√√“™°“√ °√ÿ ߇∑æ¡À“π§√ æ.». ÚıÚ¯ ·≈– ‡Õ° “√ª√–°Õ∫°“√‡√’ ¬∫‡√’ ¬ß Ò. »“ µ√“®“√¬å ¥√.ª√–¬Ÿ √ °“≠®π¥ÿ ≈. ª“∞°∂“‡√◊Ë Õß °“√ª°§√Õß à «π∑â Õß∂‘Ë π„π ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬. √“™∫— ≥±‘ µ¬ ∂“π®— ¥æ‘ ¡æå ‘ ßÀ“§¡ ÚıÙÙ. Ú. √— ∞∏√√¡πŸ ≠·Àà ß√“™Õ“≥“®— °√‰∑¬ æ.». ÚıÙ. æ√–√“™∫— ≠≠— µ‘ √–‡∫’ ¬∫∫√‘ À“√ √“™°“√·ºà 𥑠π æ.». ÚıÛÙ ·≈–©∫— ∫ ·°â ‰¢‡æ‘ Ë ¡‡µ‘ ¡. Û. æ√–√“™∫— ≠≠— µ‘ Õß§å °“√∫√‘ À“√ à «π®— ßÀ«— ¥ ©∫— ∫·°â ‰¢‡æ‘ Ë ¡‡µ‘ ¡. ¯. æ√–√“™∫— ≠≠— µ‘ √–‡∫’ ¬∫∫√‘ À“√ß“π∫ÿ §§≈ ¢Õß∑â Õß∂‘ Ë π æ.». ÚıÙÚ. ˘. æ√–√“™∫— ≠≠— µ‘ ‡ª≈’Ë ¬π·ª≈ß∞“π–¢Õß ÿ ¢“¿‘ ∫“≈‡ªì π‡∑»∫“≈ æ.». ÚıÙÚ. Ò. æ√–√“™∫— ≠≠— µ‘ «à “¥â «¬°“√‡¢â “™◊ Ë Õ‡ πÕ¢â Õ ∫— ≠≠— µ‘ ∑â Õß∂‘ Ë π æ.». ÚıÙÚ. ÒÒ. æ√–√“™∫— ≠≠— µ‘ °”Àπ¥·ºπ·≈–¢—È πµÕπ °“√°√–®“¬Õ”π“®∑â Õß∂‘ Ë π æ.». ÚıÙÚ.