สำนักราชบัณฑิตยสภา

«“√ “√ √“™∫— ≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π ªï ∑’Ë Ú˜ ©∫— ∫∑’Ë Ú ‡¡.¬.-¡‘ .¬. ÚıÙı ÿ ∑— »πå ¬° â “π ıÒÛ - æ.». ÚıÒı ‰¥â ·°à J. Bardeen, L.N. Cooper ·≈– J.R. Schrieffer ™“«Õ‡¡√‘ °— π ”À√— ∫°“√ √â “ß∑ƒ…Æ’ BCS Õ∏‘ ∫“¬ ¡∫— µ‘ ¢Õßµ— «π”¬«¥¬‘Ë ß. - æ.». ÚıÒˆ ‰¥â ·°à I. Giaver ™“«Õ‡¡√‘ °— π‡™◊ È Õ “¬πÕ√å ‡«¬å ”À√— ∫ °“√æ∫ª√“°Ø°“√≥å ∑–≈ÿ ∑–≈«ß (tun- neling) ·≈– B.D. Josephson ™“«Õ— ß°ƒ… ”À√— ∫°“√æ∫ª√“°Ø °“√≥å ‚®‡´ø — π (Josephson Effect) „πµ— «π”¬«¥¬‘ Ë ß. - æ.». ÚıÛ ‰¥â ·°à J.G. Bednordz ™“« «‘ ·≈– K.A. M ü ller ™“«‡¬Õ√¡— π ”À√— ∫°“√æ∫ª√“°Ø- °“√≥å ¿“æ𔬫¥¬‘ Ë ßÕÿ ≥À¿Ÿ ¡‘ Ÿ ß (high temperature superconducti- vity). ∫√√≥“πÿ °√¡ Ò. Lynton EA. Supercoductivity. Methuen & Co.; 1962. Ú. Dahl PF. Superconductivity. Ameri- can Institute of Physics; 1992. Û. Brown IM, Pais A, Pippard B, editors. XX century physics, vol. 2 IOP Pub- lishing Ltd., American Institute of Physics Press; 1995. Ù. Hazen RM. The breakthrough : the race for the superconductor. Simon & Schuster ; 1998. Abstract A History of Superconductivity Suthat Yoksan Associate Member, the Academy of Sciences, the Royal Institute, Thailand In this paper a historical account of a major scientific discovery of superconductivity and its gradual development is given. The story begins with the discovery of superconductivity in mercury by Onnes in 1911, following by the discovery of high-temperature superconductivity in lanthanum copper oxide by Bednordz andMuller in 1986. Finally the recent discovery that magnesium diboride is a superconductor is also mentioned. Key word : superconductivity