สำนักราชบัณฑิตยสภา

The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand Vol. 27 No. 3 Jul.-Sept. 2002 ‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ π— °ª√— ™≠“·Àà ß∏“µÿ Ù ˜ı ®√‘ ßÕ¬Ÿà ¡“° ‡æ√“–∞“π∑“ß — ߧ¡¢Õß ‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ ‡Õ◊ È Õ°“√µ— È ß ”π— °·æ∑¬å Õ¬à “ß¬‘Ë ß πÕ°®“°π—È π ∑ƒ…Ø’ Ù ∏“µÿ ¢Õ߇ա‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ °Á π— ∫ πÿ π°“√ ·æ∑¬å ·ºπ‚∫√“≥Õ¬à “ß¬‘Ë ß Õ¬à “ß‰√ °Á µ“¡ºŸâ ‡≈◊Ë Õ¡„ ‰¥â ·µà ߇µ‘ ¡‡√◊Ë Õß√“« ‡°’Ë ¬«°— ∫∑à “π®π‡À≈◊ Õ‡™◊Ë Õ ∑”„Àâ °≈“¬ ‡ªì ππ‘ ¬“¬¡“°°«à “™’ «‘ µ®√‘ ߉ª°Á ¡“°. µ”π“π‡°’Ë ¬«°— ∫‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ ‰¥Õ“·®Õπ‘ ≈“‡Õ√å ‡™’ ¬ √«∫√«¡‰«â „πÀπ— ß ◊ Õ ™’ «–ª√–«— µ‘ π— °ª√— ™≠“ ∑’Ë π— ∫«à “‡¥à πÊ ¡’ Õ¬Ÿà Û ‡√◊Ë Õß §◊ Õ ‰∑¡’ ‡Õ‘ (Timaeus of Tauro- mentum »µ. Ù - Û °.§.».) ‡≈à “‰«â «à “ ‡æ◊ Ë ÕªÑ Õß°— π¡‘ „Àâ ≈¡æ“¬ÿ æ— ¥æ◊ ™º≈ ‡ ’ ¬À“¬ ∑à “π„™â Àπ— ß≈“¢÷ ß∫— ß≈¡‰«â ¥â «¬ Õ“§¡ *. ‡√◊Ë Õßπ’È æ≈Ÿ ∑“√å °°≈à “«‰«â ‡æ’ ¬ß «à “∑à “πÀ“«‘ ∏’ ∫— ß≈¡‡©æ“–µâ πæ◊ ™∑’ Ë µâ Õß ∑–πÿ ∂πÕ¡‡∑à “π— È π Û . ‡Œ‡√Õ§≈“¬¥‘ (Heraclides) ‡≈à “ «à “ ∑à “π “¡“√∂∑”„Àâ µ√’ §πÀπ÷Ë ß πÕππ‘ Ë ß‰¡à À“¬„®Õ¬Ÿ à ‰¥â π“π∂÷ ß Û «— π ∫“ߧπ®÷ ß∂◊ Õ«à “∑à “π “¡“√∂∑”„Àâ §π µ“¬øó ô π§◊ π™’ æ‰¥â ¥â «¬ Ù . π§√ ‘ ≈“¬‡π‘ (Selinus) ‡°‘ ¥‚√§ √–∫“¥‡æ√“–πÈ ”„π·¡à πÈ ”‡πà “ ∑à “π®÷ ß ‰ª™à «¬‚¥¬«‘ ∏’ ∑¥πÈ ”®“°·¡à πÈ ”„°≈â ‡§’ ¬ß Ú “¬ ‡æ◊Ë Õ√–∫“¬§«“¡‡πà “ÕÕ° ‚√§ √–∫“¥°Á ß∫≈ß ˆ . ‚√§√–∫“¥‡°‘ ¥¢÷ È π ®√‘ ß∑’Ë π§√ ‘ ≈“¬‡π‘ „πªï °.§.». Ùˆˆ ·≈–¡’ ‡À√’ ¬≠µ√“∑”¢÷È π‡ªì π∑’Ë √–≈÷ ° ‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ ¡’ à «π™à «¬Õ¬à “߉√·≈– ·§à ‰Àπ ‡√“‰¡à ¡’ À≈— °∞“π·πà πÕπ πÕ° ®“°§”∫Õ°‡≈à “¥— ß°≈à “«. ß“ππ‘ æπ∏å ∑’Ë ·πà πÕπ¡’ Õ¬Ÿà Ú ‡√◊Ë Õß §◊ Õ On Nature («à “¥â «¬∏√√¡™“µ‘ ) ·≈– Pu- rifications («‘ ∏’ ∑”®‘ µ„®„Àâ ºà Õß·ºâ «)∑—È ß Ú ‡≈à ¡‡À≈◊ Õ·µà ‡»…π‘ æπ∏å ·¡â ∑à “π®– ‡ªì ππ— °æŸ ¥∑’Ë ¡’ ≈Ÿ °»‘ …¬å ≈Ÿ °À“‡≈◊Ë Õ¡„ Õ¬à “ß‡™à π °Õ√å ‡°’ ¬ (Gorgias) ·µà °Á ·ª≈°∑’Ë ‰¡à ª√“°Ø«à “‰¥â ‡¢’ ¬πÕ–‰√‰«â ‡°’Ë ¬«°— ∫Àπ— ß ◊ Õ Ú ‡≈à ¡π’È . ¡’ Àπ— ß ◊ Õ´÷Ë ß¿“¬À≈— ß∂◊ Õ«à “‡ªì π ¢Õ߇ա‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ Õ¬Ÿà À≈“¬‡≈à ¡ ‡™à π Expedition of Xerxes (°“√‡¥‘ π∑— æ ¢Õß°…— µ√‘ ¬å ‡´Õ√å ‘ ) Prooimion to Apollo ( ¥ÿ ¥’ ‡∑æÕæÕ≈‚≈) ‡≈à “°— π«à “ πâ Õß “«¢Õ߇ա‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ ‡º“‰ø ‡æ√“–√Ÿ â ‡∑à “‰¡à ∂÷ ß°“√≥å ‡ ’ ¬∑— È ß Ú ‡√◊ Ë Õß. Œ“¬‡ÕÕ√“‡πÕ‡¡‘ ·Àà ß‚√¥ å (Hiero- nymus of Rhodes) Õâ “ß«à “¡’ ∫∑ ≈–§√¢Õ߇ա‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ Õ¬à “ßπâ Õ¬ ÙÛ ‡√◊Ë Õß ·µà ‡Œ‡√Õ§≈“¬¥‘ ‡≈¡∫— (Hera- clides Lembos) Õâ “ß«à “‡ªì π§πÕ◊Ë π ‡¢’ ¬π∑— È ß ‘ È π ‰¥Õ“‡®Õπ‘ Õâ “ß«à “¡’ ß“π ‡¢’ ¬π‡°’Ë ¬«°— ∫°“√·æ∑¬å ª√–¡“≥ˆ ∫√√∑— ¥ ´÷Ë ß “√∫∫´Ÿ ‡¥Õ °Á √— ∫√Õß«à “¡’ ®√‘ ß ˆ ·µà ∑«à “Àπ— ß ◊ Õµà “ßÊ ∑’Ë «à “¡“π’È Ÿ ≠À“¬À¡¥·≈â « ‡À≈◊ Õ·µà §”Õâ “ß∂÷ ß ‡∑à “π— È π. ≈’ ≈“°“√‡¢’ ¬π ‡»…π‘ æπ∏å ¢Õ߇ա‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ ‡∑à “ ∑’Ë ‡À≈◊ ÕÕ¬Ÿà ‡¢’ ¬π‡ªì 𧔰≈Õπª√–‡¿∑ ˆ ®— ßÀ«– (hexameter) ∑— È ß ‘ È π ≈’ ≈“ ¢Õß∑à “πÕà Õπ™â Õ¬°«à “¢Õßæ“√å ‡¡‡πÕ ¥‘ ‰¡à √Ÿâ ÷ °«à “µâ ÕßΩó π≈’ ≈“‡æ◊Ë Õ· ¥ß §«“¡§‘ ¥∑’Ë µâ Õß°“√‡≈¬. ∑à “π‡¢’ ¬π ‰¥â √“«°— ∫«à “°≈Õπ·∫∫π’È ‡À¡“– ”À√— ∫· ¥ß§«“¡§‘ ¥‰¥â Õ¬à “ß√“∫√◊Ë π¥’ „™â °“√‡ª√’ ¬∫‡∑’ ¬∫‰¥â Õ¬à “ß·π∫‡π’ ¬π µ“¡·∫∫¢Õß‚Œ‡¡Õ√å ‡ªì π à «π¡“° ‡™à π Õà “«·Àà ߧ«“¡√— ° Ωíò ߢÕß™’ «‘ µ ™’ «‘ µ∂Ÿ ° µ— ¥®“°√à “ß‡À¡◊ ÕππÈ ”∂Ÿ °µ— ¥®“°µ“πÈ ” ¡πÿ …¬å §Ÿà ·√°‡°‘ ¥¢÷È π∫π‚≈°‡À¡◊ Õπ Àπà Õ‰¡â ºÿ ¥¢÷È π®“°√— µµ‘ °“≈œ≈œ ·µà ∑«à “ °“√‡ª√’ ¬∫‡∑’ ¬∫¢Õ߇ա‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ ¡’ §«“¡À¡“¬≈÷ °´÷ È ßµ“¡æ◊ È π∞“πª√— ™≠“ ¢Õß∑à “π ¥— ߢâ Õ — ߇°µ¢Õß æ≈Ÿ ∑“√å ° «à “ ç¡‘ „™à §«“¡µ—È ß„®¢Õ߇¢“∑’Ë ®–‡Õ“ ‡π◊È ÕÀ“ª√–¥— ∫„Àâ ‡æ√“–æ√‘È ß¥â «¬§” ¢¬“¬À√Ÿ Ê ‡À¡◊ Õπ™à “߇¢’ ¬π„™â ’ ·µâ ¡ ·µà ∑«à “ ‡ ¢“∑” ‡ ™à ππ—È π ‡ æ◊Ë Õ· ¥ß “√— µ∂–À√◊ Õ ¡√√∂π–‡©æ“–·µà ≈– ‡√◊ Ë Õßé**. ** Plutarch. Quaestiones Conviviales., 683 e. çIt is not his habit to decorate his subject-matter, for the sake of fine writ- ing, with pretty epithets like bright colours, but rather to make each one the expresssion of a particular essence or potenceé. *Empedocles. Puriffications; DK, 31 B 112. çFriends, who dwell in the great town on the cityûs heights, looking down of yellow Agragas, you who are occu- pied with good deeds, who are harbours (of refuge) treating foreigners with re- spect, and who are unacquainted with wickedness: greeting. I go about among you as an immortal god, no longer a mortal, held in honour by all, as I seem ( to them to deserve), crowned with fil- lets and flowing garlands. When I come to them in their flourishing towns, to men and women, I am honoured; and they follow me in thousands, to inquire where is the path of advantage, some desiring oracles, while others ask to hear a word of healing for their manifold diseases, since they have long been pierced with cruel painsé.