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The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand Vol. 30 No. 3 Jul.-Sep. 2005 828 ®“°§«“¡√Ÿâ Ÿà °“√ªØ‘ ∫— µ‘ ¢Õ߇ա‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ ≈à «ßÀπâ “ ‡ªì ππ— °¥πµ√’ ‡ªì π𓬷æ∑¬å ‡ªì πºŸâ π”™ÿ ¡™π ´÷Ë ß„π∑’Ë ÿ ¥°Á ®–‰¥â √— ∫ ‡°’ ¬®‡¬’Ë ¬ß‡∑æ Ò˘ µâ Õ߇¢â “„®µ“¡∫√‘ ∫∑ ¢Õ߇ա‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ «à “‡∑懪ì πºŸâ ¡’ ÿ ¢ µ≈Õ¥π‘ √— π¥√å ‰¡à µâ Õ߇«’ ¬π«à “¬µ“¬‡°‘ ¥ Õ’ ° Û. ¡’ §«“¡ ÿ ¿“æ∂à Õ¡µπ‰¡à ¥Ÿ ∂Ÿ ° ‡À¬’ ¬¥À¬“¡§πÕ◊Ë π ç∑”‰¡¢â “懮⠓®÷ ß ‡πâ π ‘Ë ß‡À≈à “π’È ¥Ÿ √“«°— ∫®–‚Õâ Õ«¥«à “ ¢â “懮⠓‰¥â ∑” ”‡√Á ®°‘ ®Õ— π¬‘Ë ß„À≠à ‡Àπ◊ Õ ¡«≈¡πÿ …¬å ºŸâ √Ÿâ µ“¬ ºŸâ ´÷Ë ßÕ“®®–≈â ¡µ“¬ ‰¥â ¡“°¡“¬À≈“¬·∫∫é Ú ¡’ »√— ∑∏“ µà Õ‡∑æ·≈–¡’ §«“¡«“ß„®«à “‡∑æ®–™à «¬ ‡À≈◊ Õ ç¢â “·µà ‡∑æ∏‘ ¥“¡‘ « å (·Àà ß°“√ ¥≈„®) ºŸâ ‰¡à √Ÿâ µ“¬ À“°æ√–Õߧå æÕ æ√–∑— ¬∑’Ë ¢â “æ√–Õß§å ‰¥â 欓¬“¡‡¢’ ¬π ∫∑°«’ ‡æ◊Ë Õ¡πÿ …¬å ºŸâ √Ÿâ µ“¬ ‚ª√¥øí ߧ” «‘ ß«Õπ¢Õߢ⠓æ√–Õß§å ¢â “·µà ‡∑æ∏‘ ¥“ ·§≈≈’ Õ“‡æ¬“ (π“¡¢Õ߇∑æ∏‘ ¥“¡‘ « å Õߧå Àπ÷Ë ß) ‚ª√¥Õ¬Ÿà ‡§’ ¬ß¢â “ߢ⠓æ√–Õß§å ¢≥–∑’Ë æ√–Õß§å “∏¬“¬∑ƒ…Æ’ ‡°’Ë ¬«°— ∫ ‡∑溟â ∑√ß»— °¥‘Ï ∑—È ßÀ≈“¬é ÚÒ Ù. ¡—Ë π„®«à “§«“¡√Ÿâ ¢Õßµπ‰¥â ¡“ ®“°°“√‡º¬· ¥ß¢Õ߇∫◊È Õß∫π ®÷ ß µ√–Àπ— °„𧫓¡√— ∫º‘ ¥™Õ∫‡ ¡◊ Õπ ª√–°“»°¢Õ߇∫◊È Õß∫π®–µâ Õ߇ªî ¥‡º¬ ·°à §π∑—È ßÀ≈“¬„Àâ ‰¥â √— ∫√Ÿâ §«“¡®√‘ ß ç À“¬∑—È ßÀ≈“¬ ¢â “懮⠓¡—Ë π„®«à “‡√◊Ë Õß∑’Ë ¢â “æ‡®â “π”¡“∫Õ°‡≈à “„Àâ ∑à “π∑—È ßÀ≈“¬ øí ßπ’È ‡ªì 𧫓¡®√‘ ß ·µà °Á ¬“°®√‘ ß Ê ∑’Ë ®– „Àâ ¡πÿ …¬å ∑—È ßÀ≈“¬‡¢â “„® ‡æ√“–§π‡√“ ‰¡à ¬Õ¡√— ∫øí ßÕ–‰√∑’Ë §— ¥§â “𧫓¡‡™◊Ë Õ ¡—Ë π‡¥‘ ¡¢Õßµπé ÚÚ √ÿ ª Õ“®®–‡ªì π‡æ√“–ª√– ∫°“√≥å ∑’Ë √Ÿâ ÷ °¬“°∑’Ë ®–„Àâ ºŸâ §π¬Õ¡√— ∫ “ πå »“ π“ ª√–°Õ∫°— ∫π‘ — ¬ à «πµ— «∑’Ë ™Õ∫§‘ ¥Õ–‰√ ¥â «¬‡Àµÿ º≈ ®÷ ߉¥â æ— ≤π“√–∫∫ª√— ™≠“ µ“¡ª√–‡¥Á πªí ≠À“∑’Ë π— °§‘ ¥ ¡— ¬π—È π™Õ∫ §‘ ¥ ‡√“®÷ ߉¥â π— °ª√— ™≠“¬‘Ë ß„À≠à §πÀπ÷Ë ß ·Àà ߬ÿ § ‡Àµÿ º≈¢Õ߇ա‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ Õ“® ®–¬— ߉¡à Àπ— °·πà ππ— ° ®–µâ Õß¡’ °“√ª√— ∫ ª√ÿ ߥ⠫¬§«“¡§‘ ¥∑’Ë „§√à §√«≠¡“°¢÷È π µà Õ‰ª ‡Õ° “√Õâ “ßÕ‘ ß °’ √µ‘ ∫ÿ ≠‡®◊ Õ. ª√— ™≠“°√’ °√–¬–°à Õµ— «. °√ÿ ߇∑æœ : ”π— °æ‘ ¡æå ·Àà ß®ÿ Ó≈ß°√≥å ¡À“«‘ ∑¬“≈— ¬, ÚıÙı. _______. µ√√°«‘ ∑¬“∑—Ë «‰ª. æ‘ ¡æå §√—È ß∑’Ë Ò. °√ÿ ߇∑æœ : ”π— °æ‘ ¡æå ·Àà ß®ÿ Ó≈ß°√≥å ¡À“«‘ ∑¬“≈— ¬, ÚıÙˆ. Aristotle. Metaphysics. Complete Works of Aristotle. Translated by Sir Divid Ross and Others. Oxford : Clarendon Press, 1971. Bignone, E. Empedocle. Tirudo, 1916. Diels and Kranz. Fragmente der Vorsokratiker. 5 th ed. Berlin : Weidmann, 1934. Diogenes, Laertius. Lives of Philosophers. 2 vols. ·ª≈‚¥¬ Hick, R.D. ·≈–‡√’ ¬∫ ‡√’ ¬ß‚¥¬ Warmington, E.H. Cambridge, Mass : Harvard University Press, 1970. Graig, E. Routledge Encyclopedia of Philoso- phy. London : Routledge, 1998. Guthrie, W.K.C. A History of Greek Philoso- phy. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1967. Kingsley, P.A. Ancient Philosophy, Mystery and Magic. Oxford : Clerendon Press, 1995. Kranz, Wilhelm. Empedocles und die Atomistik. Hermes, 1912. Ò˘ DK 31B 146. çAnd at the last they become seers, and bards, and physicians and princes among earth-dwelling men from which they blossom forth as gods highest in honour.é Ú DK 31B 113.1 çBut why do I lay stress on these things, as if I were achieving something great in that I surpass mortal men who are liable to many forms of destruction ?é ÚÒ DK 31B 131. çIf for the sake of any mortal, immortal muse, it has pleased thee that my poetic endeavours be of concern to thee, now once again, in answer to my prayer, stand beside me, Calliopeia, as I expound a good theory concerning the blessed gods !é ÚÚ Dk 31B 114. çFriends, I know that Truth is present in the story that I shall tell; but it is actually very difficult for men, and the impact of conviction on their minds is unwelcome.é