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«“√ “√ √“™∫— ≥±‘ µ¬ ∂“π ªï ∑’Ë Û ©∫— ∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. ÚıÙ¯ 823 °’ √µ‘ ∫ÿ ≠‡®◊ Õ ®“°§«“¡√Ÿâ Ÿà °“√ªØ‘ ∫— µ‘ ¢Õß ‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ °’ √µ‘ ∫ÿ ≠‡®◊ Õ √“™∫— ≥±‘ µ ”π— °∏√√¡»“ µ√å ·≈–°“√‡¡◊ Õß √“™∫— ≥±‘ µ¬ ∂“π ∫∑§— ¥¬à Õ ‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ ‡ πÕ∑ƒ…Æ’ Ù ∏“µÿ ‡ªì πÕ¿‘ ª√— ™≠“¢Õßµπµ“¡§«“¡π‘ ¬¡¢Õßπ— °§‘ ¥ ¡— ¬π—È π ®“°Õ¿‘ ª√— ™≠“ °Á ‡ πÕ≠“≥«‘ ∑¬“„Àâ Õ¥§≈â Õß°— π ‚¥¬‡ πÕ«à “ ‘Ë ßµà “ßÊ ·µà ≈–™π‘ ¥°Á à ß à «π®”≈Õß∑’Ë ‡À¡◊ Õπµπ·µà ¡’ ¢π“¥‡≈Á °®‘Î «ÕÕ° √Õ∫µ— «µ≈Õ¥‡«≈“ ´÷Ë ß®–‡√à √à Õπ‰ª‡¢â “√Ÿ ¢Õß ‘Ë ß‡À¡◊ Õπ°— π ‘Ë ß‡À¡◊ Õπ°— π‡∑à “π—È π®÷ ß®–¡’ √Ÿ æ√â Õ¡√— ∫ ‘Ë ß®”≈ÕߢÕß ‘Ë ß‡À¡◊ Õπ °— π‰¥â ª√– “∑ ı ¢Õ߇√“√— ∫√Ÿâ à «π®”≈Õ߉¥â ‡æ’ ¬ß ı ™π‘ ¥∑’Ë µ√ß°— ∫·µà ≈–ª√– “∑ ‡√“®÷ ß√— ∫√Ÿâ ÷ °‰¥â ‡æ’ ¬ß ı Õ¬à “ß ·≈– π’Ë §◊ Õ§«“¡À¡“¬¢Õß Ÿ µ√«à “ ç ‘Ë ß∑’Ë ‡À¡◊ Õπ¬à Õ¡√Ÿâ ‘Ë ß‡À¡◊ Õπé ‘Ë ß‡À¡◊ ÕπÕ¬Ÿà °— ∫ ‘Ë ß‡À¡◊ Õπ¬à Õ¡√Ÿâ ÷ ° ÿ ¢ ∫“¬ °“√¡’ ‘Ë ß·ª≈° ª≈Õ¡¡“‡°“–Õ¬Ÿà „πµ— «¬à Õ¡∑”„Àâ Õ÷ ¥Õ— ¥ ‰¡à ÿ ¢ ∫“¬Õ¬à “ß∑’Ë §«√ ®÷ ßµâ ÕßÀ“«‘ ∏’ ∑”µ— «‡Õß„Àâ ∫√‘ ÿ ∑∏‘Ï ®“° ‘Ë ß·ª≈°ª≈Õ¡ °Á ®–æ∫§«“¡ ÿ ¢∑—È ß„π™—Ë «™’ «‘ µπ’È ·≈–™’ «‘ µÀ≈— ߧ«“¡µ“¬ §” ”§— ≠ : ª√— ™≠“°√’ °‚∫√“≥, ‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ , Ù ∏“µÿ , ≠“≥«‘ ∑¬“, à «π®”≈Õß, °“√°≈— ∫™“µ‘ , ‘Ë ß‡À¡◊ Õ𠧫“¡π” ‡√“√Ÿâ §«“¡§‘ ¥¢Õ߇ա‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ „π‡√◊Ë Õßπ’È ·≈–√Ÿâ «à “‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ ‡ªì π§π ∑’Ë Õπ‡√◊Ë Õßπ’È Õ¬à “ß®√‘ ß®— ß ®“°ß“ππ‘ æπ∏å ¢Õß∏’ ‡ÕÕ·ø√ ‡∑‘ Ò ‡ªì πÀ≈— ° à «π∑’Ë ‡ªì π§”æŸ ¥„™â Õâ “ßÕ‘ ߉¥â π—È π¡’ √«∫√«¡Õ¬Ÿà „πÀπ— ß ◊ Õ¢Õß Diels and Kranz ™◊Ë Õ«à “ Fragmente der Vorsokratiker ∑’Ë „™â ™◊Ë Õ ¬à Õ«à “ DK °√–∫«π°“√¢Õß°“√√Ÿâ ‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ °≈à “«∂÷ ß°√–∫«π °“√¢Õß°“√√Ÿâ ‰«â æÕ®–‡°Á ∫§«“¡‰¥â «à “ Ò. §«“¡√Ÿâ ‡°‘ ¥®“°Õß§å ª√–- °Õ∫¢Õß∏“µÿ Ù ç‡Àµÿ «à “∏“µÿ ‡À≈à “π’È ∑” „Àâ ‡°‘ ¥ ‘Ë ßµà “ß Ê ·≈– √⠓ߧ«“¡ — ¡æ— π∏å √–À«à “ß ‘Ë ßµà “ß Ê °√–∫«π°“√¥— ß°≈à “« ‡ªì π∫à Õ‡°‘ ¥„Àâ ¡πÿ …¬å ‰¥â §‘ ¥ ‰¥â √Ÿâ ÷ °æÕ„® À√◊ Õ‡ ’ ¬„®é Ú ·¡â ‰¡à ‰¥â √–∫ÿ ‰«â À√◊ Õ√–∫ÿ ‰«â ·µà Ÿ ≠À“¬°Á µ“¡ ‡√“‡™◊Ë Õ‰¥â «à “§«“¡√Ÿâ ∑ÿ ° ™π‘ ¥µâ Õߥ”‡π‘ πµ“¡°√–∫«π°“√‡¥’ ¬« °— ππ’È Ú. ‘Ë ß‡À¡◊ Õπ¬à Õ¡√Ÿâ ‘Ë ß‡À¡◊ Õπ (The Like knows the Like) ç‡√“‡ÀÁ 𠥑 π‚¥¬∏“µÿ ¥‘ π„πµ— «‡√“ πÈ ”‚¥¬∏“µÿ πÈ ” ≈¡»— °¥‘Ï ‘ ∑∏‘Ï ‚¥¬∏“µÿ ≈¡ ‰ø‡º“∑”≈“¬ ‚¥¬∏“µÿ ‰ø §«“¡√— °‚¥¬æ≈— ß√— ° ·≈–§«“¡ ‡°≈’ ¬¥‚¥¬æ≈— ߇°≈’ ¬¥Õ— π√â “¬°“®é Û Ò Theophrastus, On the Sense. Ú DK 31B 107. çFor from these (elements) are all things fitted and fixed together, and by means of these do men think, and feel pleasure and sorrow.é Û DK 31B 109. çWe see Earth by means of Earth, Water by means of Water, divine Air by means of Air, and destructive Fire by means of Fire; Affection by means of Affection, Hate by means of baneful Hate.é ∫∑∑∫∑«π æ‘ ‡»…