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The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand Vol. 30 No. 3 Jul.-Sep. 2005 716 ¡— ¬·Àà ߧ«“¡¬ÿà ߬“° (§.». Òı˘¯-ÒˆÒÛ) ·≈–°“√ ∂“ªπ“√“™«ß»å ‚√¡“πÕø Àπ— ß ◊ ÕÕâ “ßÕ‘ ß Dukes, Paul. The Making of Russia Absolutism 1613 - 1801. 2 nd ed. London : Longman, 1933. Duffy, James P. & Vincent L. Ricci. Czars. New York : Barnes & Noble Books, 1995. Kirchner, Walther, 5 th ed. History of Russia. New York Barnes & Noble Books, 1972. Neville, Peter. Russia the USSR, the CIS and the Independent States. London : A Windrush Press Book, 2003. Riasanovsky, Nicholas V. A History of Russia. New York : Oxford University Press, 1963. Warnes David. Chronicle of the Russian Tsars. London : Thames and Hudson, 1999. Abstract The Time of Troubles and the Rise of the Romanovs Anantjai Lauhabandhu* The Time of Troubles (Russia: Smutnoe Vremia) started in 1598 when the last of the Varangians, Tsar Feodor I who was mental retarded, died without issue. On his death, Feodor I’s brother-in-law, Boris Godunov, was elected his successor by the Land Assembly and the Boyars Council. His short reign (1598-1605) was unsuccessful and he was accused as a usurper. The rumours were spreaded out that the late tsar’s younger brother Dmitry, supposed to be death, was still alive. In 1603 a man calling himself Dmitry (known in history as “the False Dmitry”) was claiming the throne, and he was supported by a large section of the population in the Muscovy and outside its borders in Poland and the Papal State. Finally, some powerful magnates decided to support the False Dmitry and proclaimed him the ruler of the Muscovy. Not before long, the False Dmitry was overthrown and succeeded by Vasily Shuisky. However, neither groups of people were satisfied with the change, and soon a new impostor, likewise calling himself Dmitry, known as False Dmitry II, came forward as the rightful heir. Shuisky appealed to Sweden while his opposition, led by Filaret Romanov, to Poland. In the meantime, the Muscovy forces made a coup d’etate and led to the abdication of Shuisky. Russia was thus in a very critical condition. The throne was vacant, and Russia entered the period of interregnum while Sweden and Poland were trying to take the Muscovy throne. However, the crisis produced a remedy, in the form of patriotism. By 1612 the Land Assembly represented by all classes of population elected as tsar Michael Romanov, the 16-year-old son of Filaret, who was connected by marriage with the late dynasty. In the end, it was the Romanovs which was able to gain the upper hand in this civil war, and established the most powerful dynasty in the Russian history until it was overthrown at the Revolution of 1917. Key words : Godunov, the False Dmitry, Shuisky, the Interregnum, the Romanovs * Associate Professor of history, Department of History, Silpakorn University