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«“√ “√ √“™∫— ≥±‘ µ¬ ∂“π ªï ∑’Ë Û ©∫— ∫∑’Ë Ù µ.§.-∏.§. ÚıÙ¯ 1105 ®‘ πµπ“ ¥”√ß§å ‡≈‘ » Abstract The Centenary of Jean-Paul Sartre Chintana Damronglerd Associate Fellow of the Academy of Arts, The Royal Institute, Thailand Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980) was one of the most notable French writers and philosophers. He was influenced by thework of Kierkegaard, Heidegger andHusserl. Sartre’s thought was atheist. Sartre believed in freedom for all. In his way of thinking, freedom always came with responsibilities and consequences. He believed that with freedom we would be more likely to choose virtue over evil. He also believed in social revolution through marxist principles. Sartre reflected his philosophy in his numerous writings: novels, plays and articles. Sartre loved writing more than anything; but when he was awarded a Noble Prize in Literature in 1964, he refused to accept it. He cited his intention of not wanting to become ‘the institution’. Despite his desire, he was known and praised as the most influential and important writer and philosopher of France’s twentieth century. Key words : Jean-Paul Sartre, existentialism, French writers of twentieth century, French philosopher µÕ∫ªí ≠À“¢â Õ¢â Õß„® 𓬫‘ ‰≈ §ÿ ≥§«“¡¥’ ¡’ ®¥À¡“¬≈ß«— π∑’Ë Ú µÿ ≈“§¡ ÚıÙ¯ Õ∫∂“¡ªí ≠À“¢â Õ¢â Õß„® Ú ‡√◊Ë Õß §◊ Õ Ò. ºŸâ ∑’Ë ‡§“√æ‡≈◊Ë Õ¡„π»“ π“Õ‘ ≈“¡¡’ °“√‡¢â “ ç∂◊ Õ∫«™é ‡™à π‡¥’ ¬«°— ∫æ√–æÿ ∑∏»“ π“À√◊ Õ‰¡à ·≈–∂â “À“°»√— ∑∏“Õÿ ∑‘ »µ— « ‡¢â “∂◊ Õ∫«™·≈–®–„™â ‡§√◊Ë Õßπÿà ßÀà ¡‡™à π‰√ Ú. §”‡√’ ¬°™◊Ë Õ擬ÿ ‰µâ ΩÿÉ π®– –°¥«à “ ç¥Õ¡‡≈¬å é À√◊ Õ ç¥Õ¡‡≈é √“™∫— ≥±‘ µ¬ ∂“π‰¥â ™’È ·®ß ¥— ßπ’È Ò. „π»“ π“Õ‘ ≈“¡‰¡à ¡’ π— °∫«™ À√◊ Õ∫ÿ §§≈∑’Ë ¡’ ¢â ժؑ ∫— µ‘ æ‘ ‡»…µà “ß°— ∫§πÕ◊Ë π ∑ÿ °§π‡¡◊Ë Õ‡¢â “√— ∫Õ‘ ≈“¡À√◊ Õ‡ªì π¡ÿ ≈‘ ¡ µâ ÕßÕ¬Ÿà ¿“¬„µâ ¢â ժؑ ∫— µ‘ µà “ß Ê Õ¬à “ß‡¥’ ¬«°— 𠇙à π °“√π¡“´À√◊ Õ≈–À¡“¥ °“√∂◊ Õ»’ ≈Õ¥ °“√®à “¬´–°“µ °“√∫”‡æÁ ≠Œ— ®≠å ºŸâ ∑’Ë ‡§“√æ‡≈◊Ë Õ¡„ „πÕ‘ ≈“¡‡ª≈’Ë ¬π∞“𖇪ì πºŸâ π— ∫∂◊ Õ»“ π“Õ‘ ≈“¡À√◊ Õ‡ªì π¡ÿ ≈‘ ¡ ‚¥¬«‘ ∏’ °≈à “«§”ªØ‘ ≠“≥µπ«à “ çÕ— ™Œ–¥ÿ Õ— π≈“Õ‘ ≈“Œ– Õ‘ ≈≈“≈≈ÕŒå «–Õ‘ ™Œ–µÿ Õ— ππ–¡ÿ Œ— ¡¡–¥— √ ‡√“–´Ÿ ≈ÿ ≈≈≈ÕŒå é (¢â “œ ¢ÕªØ‘ ≠“≥«à “ ·πà ·∑â ‰¡à ¡’ æ√–‡®â “Õ◊Ë π„¥ πÕ°®“°Õ— ≈≈ÕŒå ·≈–¢â “œ ¢ÕªØ‘ ≠“≥«à “ ·πà ·∑â ¡ÿ Œ— ¡¡— ¥‡ªì π»“ π∑Ÿ µ¢ÕßÕ— ≈≈ÕŒå ) ‡¡◊Ë Õ‡¢â “√— ∫Õ‘ ≈ “¡·≈â «°Á µâ Õ߬÷ ¥∂◊ ÕÀ≈— °§«“¡ ‡™◊Ë Õ·≈–¢â ժؑ ∫— µ‘ ´÷Ë ß¡ÿ ≈‘ ¡∑ÿ °§π¡’ à «π√à «¡°— π À“°æ‘ ®“√≥“«à “ °“√¬÷ ¥∂◊ ÕÀ≈— °»√— ∑∏“·≈–¢â ժؑ ∫— µ‘ Õ‘ ≈“¡‡ªì π°“√∫«™ °Á Õ“®°≈à “«‰¥â «à “ ºŸâ ‡¢â “√— ∫Õ‘ ≈“¡À√◊ Õ¡ÿ ≈‘ ¡ ∑ÿ °§π‡ªì ππ— °∫«™ ¢â ժؑ ∫— µ‘ µà “ß Ê „πÕ‘ ≈“¡¡’ √“¬≈–‡Õ’ ¬¥ª≈’ °¬à Õ¬‡©æ“–‡√◊Ë Õß ¥— ßπ—È π °“√π¡“´ °“√∂◊ Õ»’ ≈Õ¥ œ≈œ ¡’ «‘ ∏’ ªØ‘ ∫— µ‘ ‡ªì π°“√ ‡©æ“– „πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ¬— ß¡’ °“√‡√’ ¬°°“√∂◊ Õ»’ ≈Õ¥ (´÷Ë ß„π¿“…“Õ“À√— ∫ ‡√’ ¬°«à “ »‘ ¬“∫) «à “ °“√∂◊ Õ∫«™ ‡√’ ¬°‡¥◊ Õπ‡√“–¡–ÆÕπ ´÷Ë ß‡ªì π‡¥◊ Õπ∂◊ Õ»’ ≈Õ¥«à “ ‡¥◊ Õπ∫«™ ‡√’ ¬°°“√≈–®“°°“√ߥ°‘ π¥◊Ë ¡„π·µà ≈–«— π¢Õß™à «ß°“√∂◊ Õ»’ ≈Õ¥«à “ °“√·°â ∫«™ ·≈–‡√’ ¬°«— π ·√°¢Õ߇¥◊ Õπ„À¡à ‡¡◊Ë Õ ‘È π‡¥◊ Õπ‡√“–¡–ÆÕπ«à “ «— πÕÕ°∫«™ Õπ÷Ë ß „πæ√–æÿ ∑∏»“ π“‰¡à ¡’ ∂◊ Õ∫«™ ¡’ ·µà °“√∫«™´÷Ë ß‡ªì πª√–‡æ≥’ ‡∑à “π—È π Ú. ™◊Ë Õ擬ÿ –°¥«à “ ¥Õ¡‡√¬å 𓬠”√«¬ π— °°“√‡√’ ¬π π— °«√√≥»‘ ≈ªá ˜ « °Õß∏√√¡»“ µ√å ·≈–°“√‡¡◊ Õß