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The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand Vol. 31 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2006 æ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á ®æ√–‡®â “Õ¬Ÿà À— «°— ∫æ√–ª√’ ™“≠“≥ ∑“ß·ª√¥πµ√’ 260 Abstract Music Variations Natchar Socatiyanurak Associate Fellow of the Academy of Arts, The Royal Institute, Thailand One of the most powerful compositional techniques inmusic of various cultures is variation, a technique of modifying a given musical idea after its first appearance. The main concept of writing variations is that at least one of the elements remains while others are changed or transformed. Variation could simultaneously be felt in a single melodic line itself, in musical layers, in various musical textures as well as in a large-scale musical form. Other techniques usually employed along with the variation are ornamentation, sequence, development and transformation. The variation technique has extensively been developed through centuries in the music of the European and in that of other regions, in particular, Asia and Africa. However, the formal structures of writing variations in each culture somewhat vary to certain extent, due to musical aesthetics and identity. key words : variations, music variations §«“¡À¡“¬¢Õß ç‡æ≈߇∂“é ‡æ≈߇∂“‡ªì π‡æ≈ߪ√–‡¿∑Àπ÷Ë ß ´÷Ë ß‡ªì π‡æ≈߇¥’ ¬«°— π·µà ¡’ Õ— µ√“®— ßÀ«–·≈–§«“¡¬“«¢Õß ∑”πÕß≈¥À≈—Ë π°— π≈߉ªµ“¡≈”¥— ∫‰¡à πâ Õ¬°«à “ Û ¢—È π À√◊ Õ¡“°°«à “ Û ¢—È π ‡√’ ¬°«à “ ç‡æ≈߇∂“„À≠à é π”¡“¢— ∫√â ÕßÀ√◊ Õ∫√√‡≈ßµ‘ ¥µà Õ°— π °“√∑’Ë ®–‡√’ ¬°‰¥â «à “‡ªì π‡∂“ ¡’ À≈— °¥— ßπ’È §◊ Õ ‡æ≈ß∑’Ë ¡’ Õ— µ√“®— ßÀ«–·≈–§«“¡¬“«¢Õß∑”πÕß ≈¥À≈—Ë π°— π≈߉ªµ“¡≈”¥— ∫∑ÿ ° Ê ™—È ππ—È π ®–µâ Õ߇ªì π‡æ≈ß∑’Ë ¡“®“°∑”πÕ߇π◊È Õ¶â Õ߇¥’ ¬«°— π ·≈– ≈¥À≈—Ë π°— π≈߉ª‰¡à µË ”°«à “ Û ¢—È π ∑—È ß®–µâ Õߢ— ∫√â ÕßÀ√◊ Õ∫√√‡≈ßµ‘ ¥µà Õ°— π®π®∫‡∂“ ‡™à π ∫√√‡≈ß ‡æ≈ß√“µ√’ ª√–¥— ∫¥“« Û ™—È π Ú ™—È π ·≈–™—È π‡¥’ ¬«µ‘ ¥°— π‡ªì πæ◊ ¥‰ª °Á ‡√’ ¬°«à “ ‡æ≈ß√“µ√’ ª√–¥— ∫ ¥“«‡∂“ °“√∫√√‡≈߇√’ ¬ß≈”¥— ∫™—È π¢Õ߇æ≈߇∂“π’È ‚¥¬ª√°µ‘ ®–∫√√‡≈ß®“° Û ™—È π Ú ™—È π ·≈â «®÷ ß ™—È π‡¥’ ¬« ·µà ¡’ ∫â “ß∫“ß°√≥’ ∑’Ë ∫√√‡≈ß°≈— ∫°— π §◊ Õ ™—È π‡¥’ ¬« Ú ™—È π ·≈â «®÷ ß Û ™—È π ‡™à 𠇥’Ë ¬«√–π“¥ ‡Õ°‡æ≈ßæ≠“‚»° ‡¥’Ë ¬«¶â Õß«ß„À≠à ‡æ≈ß·¢°¡Õ≠ Õ¬à “ß‰√°Á µ“¡ °“√∫√√‡≈ß∑’Ë ∂◊ Õ«à “‡ªì π‡æ≈ß ‡∂“π—È π ®–µâ Õß∫√√‡≈ß Û ¢—È π‡ªì πÕ¬à “ßπâ Õ¬ Õ“®®–∫√√‡≈ß Ù ™—È π Û ™—È π ·≈– Ú ™—È π °Á π— ∫‡ªì π ‡æ≈߇∂“‰¥â ∑’Ë ¡“ : “√“πÿ °√¡»— æ∑å ¥πµ√’ ‰∑¬ ¿“§§’ µ–-¥ÿ √‘ ¬“ß§å ©∫— ∫√“™∫— ≥±‘ µ¬ ∂“π, ÚıÙı, Àπâ “ ÒÒ.