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«“√ “√ √“™∫— ≥±‘ µ¬ ∂“π ªï ∑’Ë ÛÒ ©∫— ∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’ .§. ÚıÙ˘ ‘ ∑∏“ æ‘ π‘ ®¿Ÿ «¥≈ 227 Abstract The Suffering of a Protagonist in a French Novel, “les Misérables” Sidtha Pinipouvadol Associate Fellow of the Academy of Arts, The Royal Institute, Thailand Victor Hugo wrote the novel, “les Misérables”, with an interesting aim, i.e., he wanted to demonstrate 6 causes of suffering of the people in the French society: lack of freedom, child labour, sex abuse, abandoned children, poverty and political ideology. The events the writer portrayed in his novel as well as the protagonlst were real in the French society during the beginning of the 18 th century. That time was the turning point of political change from absolute monarchy to republic, which had impacts on the economic system and the way of life of all people in the society. Key words : suffering, kindness, mercy, freedom, wrong doing, poverty µÕ∫ªí ≠À“¢â Õß„® ¬— ߧߡ’ ºŸâ ‡¢â “„®º‘ ¥«à “»— æ∑å ∫— ≠≠— µ‘ µà Õ‰ªπ’È ‡ªì π»— æ∑å ∫— ≠≠— µ‘ ¢Õß√“™∫— ≥±‘ µ¬ ∂“π ·≈–¡— °®–¡’ ºŸâ Õ∫∂“¡¡“‡ ¡Õ Ò. software ∫— ≠≠— µ‘ «à “ ≈–¡ÿ π¿— ≥±å Ú. hardware ∫— ≠≠— µ‘ «à “ °√–¥â “ß¿— ≥±å Û. joystick ∫— ≠≠— µ‘ «à “ ·∑à ßÀ√√…“ √“™∫— ≥±‘ µ¬ ∂“π¢Õ™’È ·®ß«à “ ¡‘ ‰¥â ∫— ≠≠— µ‘ »— æ∑å ∑—È ß Û §”¥— ß°≈à “«¢â “ßµâ π ´÷Ë ß§≥– Õπÿ °√√¡°“√∫— ≠≠— µ‘ »— æ∑å §Õ¡æ‘ «‡µÕ√å ·Àà ß√“™∫— ≥±‘ µ¬ ∂“𠉥â ∫— ≠≠— µ‘ »— æ∑å ∑—È ß Û §” ‰«â ·≈â « ¥— ßπ’È Ò. software ∫— ≠≠— µ‘ «à “ à «π™ÿ ¥§” —Ë ß, ´Õøµå ·«√å Ú. hardware ∫— ≠≠— µ‘ «à “ Ò. à «π‡§√◊Ë Õß, Œ“√å ¥·«√å Ú. à «πÕÿ ª°√≥å , Œ“√å ¥·«√å Û. joystick ∫— ≠≠— µ‘ «à “ °â “π§«∫§ÿ ¡