สำนักราชบัณฑิตยสภา

The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand Vol. 31 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2006 Õ— πµ√“¬®“°°“√°à Õ √â “ßÕ“§“√¢π“¥„À≠à À√◊ ÕÕ“§“√ Ÿ ß„°≈â ∫â “π∑à “π 208 §«√·®â ߧ«“¡‰«â ‡ªì πÀ≈— °∞“π ·≈– §«√·®â ß∑“ß°√ÿ ߇∑æ¡À“π§√ À√◊ Õ ‡∑»∫“≈„Àâ ∑√“∫¥â «¬ ı. §«√‡√’ ¬°ºŸâ √— ∫‡À¡“°à Õ √â “ß ¡“‡®√®“‡√◊Ë Õß°“√´à Õ¡·´¡ °“√™¥ „™â §à “‡ ’ ¬À“¬ ·≈–§«√‡¢’ ¬π‡ªì π — ≠≠“‰«â µà ÕÀπâ “‡®â “Àπâ “∑’Ë µ”√«® ˆ. ∂â “‰¡à ‡ªì πº≈ ‡™à π °“√µÕ° ‡ “‡¢Á ¡∑”„Àâ ‡°‘ ¥§«“¡ —Ë π –‡∑◊ Õπ ¡“° À√◊ Õ‡°‘ ¥√Õ¬·µ°√â “«‡æ‘Ë ¡¢÷È π ¡“° ·µà ∑“ßΩÉ “¬ºŸâ °à Õ √⠓߉¡à ¬Õ¡ À¬ÿ ¥‡æ◊Ë ÕÀ“¡“µ√°“√ªÑ Õß°— π °Á §«√ øÑ Õß©ÿ °‡©‘ π ¢Õ„Àâ »“≈¡“‡¥‘ π‡º™‘ ≠ ◊ ∫ ´÷Ë ß∂â “‡ÀÁ π«à “‡°‘ ¥Õ— πµ√“¬®√‘ ß »“≈ “¡“√∂ —Ë ßÀ¬ÿ ¥°“√°√–∑”¥— ß °≈à “«‰¥â ∑— π∑’ ®π°«à “®–¡’ ¡“µ√°“√ ªÑ Õß°— 𧫓¡‡ ’ ¬À“¬®π‡ªì π∑’Ë æÕ„® πÕ°®“°π—È π §«√µ√«® Õ∫¥Ÿ «à “ºŸâ √— ∫‡À¡“‰¥â °à Õ √â “ßµ√ßµ“¡·∫∫ ∑’Ë ‰¥â √— ∫Õπÿ ≠“µÀ√◊ Õ‰¡à ·≈–·¡â ·µà ·∫∫°Á Õ“®º‘ ¥‰¥â À√◊ Õ∫“ߧ√—È ß≈ß¡◊ Õ °à Õ √â “ß ∑—È ß∑’Ë ¬— ߉¡à ‰¥â √— ∫Õπÿ ≠“µ„Àâ °à Õ √⠓ߥ⠫¬´È ” À“°ºŸâ √— ∫‡À¡“‰¡à ¡’ ¡“µ√°“√ªÑ Õß°— π«— ¥ÿ ‘Ë ß¢Õßµ° À√◊ Õ¡“µ√°“√§«“¡ª≈Õ¥¿— ¬Õ◊Ë π Ê °Á “¡“√∂·®â ß„Àâ °√ÿ ߇∑æ¡À“π§√ ·≈–‡®â “Àπâ “∑’Ë µ”√«®∑√“∫‰¥â Abstract Hazard of Construction of a Building Adjacent to Small Ones Arun Chaiseri Fellow of the Academy of Science, The Royal Institute, Thailand In Bangkok and surrounding areas, upper layer of subsoil is mostly soft clay with very high water content. If the ground is dug out, water in the soft clay layer will escape and run into the excavated pit. In case of large and deep excavation for construction of footings and basement, the settlement of surrounding ground is inevitable due to consolidation of the clay layer. This is the main cause of damage of structures laying on top of the ground, such as road and pavement. To prevent this hazard, the ground must be protected against settlement by preventing the water from escaping from the clay layer. Appropriate sheet piling as well as Jet Grouting and Diaphragm Wall are good measures. Besides the settlement of soft clay, lateral movement of the soil can also cause such heavy damages as movement of the footings of nearby houses which eventually cause cracks of structural members or even collapse of the houses. Using of Diaphragm Walls or Secant Piles is the best solution to prevent movement of the soil, but they are very expensive; therefore, sheet piling, which is much cheaper, is popular but requires high experience of engineers and technicians. Moreover, the owners of small houses should take records on cracks or damages of their houses and take pictures of them prior to the start of and during construction of the large building. Key words : sheet pile, deep excavation, settlement, movement of the soil