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The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand Vol. 31 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2006 — ß “√«— Ø„πª√— ™≠“¢Õ߇ա‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ 188 ®Ÿ ß„®„Àâ ‰¥â º≈°Á §◊ Õ ™’È „Àâ ‡ÀÁ 𧫓¡‰¡à ‡∑’Ë ¬ß¢Õß™’ «‘ µ„π‚≈°π’È „π∑”πÕß«à “ ç∑’Ë π’Ë «ÿà 𫓬ÀπÕ ¡’ ·µà §«“¡¢— ¥·¬â ß ÀπÕé ¥— ߪ√“°Ø„π‡»…π‘ æπ∏å ∑’Ë ‡À≈◊ Õ Õ¬Ÿà §◊ Õ ç∑’Ë π’Ë ¡’ ‡®â “·¡à ∏√≥’ ·≈â «°Á ¡’ ‡∑æ ∏‘ ¥“· ßÕ“∑‘ µ¬å ∑“π°— π ¡’ §«“¡·µ° √â “«™ÿà ¡‡≈◊ Õ¥·≈â «°Á ¡’ §«“¡°≈¡°≈◊ π æ√â Õ¡°— ∫Õ“°— ª°‘ √‘ ¬“‡Õ“®√‘ ß∑“π°— π ¡’ §«“¡ß“¡·≈â «°Á ¡’ §«“¡πà “‡°≈’ ¬¥ ∑“π°— π ¡’ ‡∑æ∏‘ ¥“§«“¡‡√Á «·≈â «°Á ¡’ ‡∑æ∏‘ ¥“§«“¡™â “∑“π°— π ¡’ §«“¡·πà πÕπ∑’Ë πà “√— °·≈â «°Á ¡’ §«“¡‰¡à ·πà πÕπ ‡πµ√¥”∑“π°— πé ÚÙ ç¡’ °“√‡µ‘ ∫‚µ·≈â «°Á ¡’ °“√‡ ◊Ë Õ¡ ≈“¬∑“π°— π ¡’ °“√À¬ÿ ¥æ— °·≈â «°Á ¡’ °“√‡¥‘ πµà Õ∑“π°— π ¡’ °“√‡§≈◊Ë Õπ∑’Ë ·≈â «°Á ¡’ °“√Õ¬Ÿà π‘Ë ß∑“π°— π ¡’ §«“¡¬‘Ë ß „À≠à π—Ë ß·∑à π «¡¡ß°ÿ Æ ·≈â «°Á ¡’ °“√ µ°Õ— ∫∑“π°— π ¡’ §«“¡‡ß’ ¬∫·≈â «°Á ¡’ ‡ ’ ¬ß∑“π°— πé Úı √ÿ ª — ß “√«— ؇∑à “∑’Ë ‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ ‰¥â ∫√√¬“¬„Àâ ‡ÀÁ π πà “®–∑”„Àâ ºŸâ øí ß¡’ §«“¡ — ∫ π«â “«ÿà π À“§«“¡ ß∫ ÿ ¢ ‰¡à ‰¥â ‡≈¬ ¥— ߇»…π‘ æπ∏å ‡∑à “∑’Ë ‡À≈◊ Õ Õ¬Ÿà «à “ 祗 ßπ—È π æ«°∑à “π®–µâ Õß∫â “ §≈—Ë ß°— ∫∫“ª°√√¡√â “¬°“® ®‘ µ„®‰¡à ¡’ «— π®– ß∫®“°§«“¡‡»√â “À¡Õß√–∑¡ ∑ÿ °¢å ‰¥â ‡≈¬é Úˆ µ“¡ª√°µ‘ ºŸâ π”»“ π“¢Õß™“« °√’ °®–µâ Õß¡’ §” Õπ‡√◊Ë Õ߇∑æ°”‡π‘ ¥ Õ¬à “ß‡™à π ‡∑æ°”‡π‘ ¥¢Õߌ’ ‡ ’ ¬¥ ¢ÕßÕÕ√å ‡øï ¬ ‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ ‰¥â °≈à “«∂÷ ߇∑æ°”‡π‘ ¥‰«â —È π Ê „π »π. ÚÒ ∑”„Àâ πà “‡™◊Ë Õ«à “∑à “πµâ Õ߉¥â ‡¢’ ¬π Õ–‰√‰«â ∫â “ß ·µà Ÿ ≠À“¬À¡¥ ‡À≈◊ Õ ·µà §”¬◊ π¬— π¢ÕßæÕ√å ‡øÕ√’ «à “ »π. ÒÚ¯ §◊ Õ§”π”¢ÕßÀπ— ß ◊ Õ¥— ß°≈à “« 燡◊Ë Õ∑à “π°”≈— ߇¢’ ¬π‡√◊Ë Õß°”‡π‘ ¥ ‡∑懮⠓·≈–°“√∫Ÿ ™“¬— ≠é Ú˜ ∑’Ë µâ Õß ‡¢’ ¬π‡√◊Ë Õßπ’È °Á ‡ªì π‰ªµ“¡®‘ µ«‘ ∑¬“ ·Àà ß°“√ª√–™“ — ¡æ— π∏å §◊ Õ ‡¡◊Ë Õ™’È ·®ß„Àâ ‡ÀÁ 𧫓¡Õπ‘ ®®— ߢÕß — ß “√- «— Ø·≈â « °Á µâ Õ߇ πÕ ‘Ë ß∑’Ë ‡∑’Ë ¬ß·≈–„Àâ §«“¡À«— ߇¢â “¡“·∑π ‡æ◊Ë Õ‡∫𧫓¡ π„®®“° ‘Ë ß‰¡à ‡∑’Ë ¬ß¡“ Ÿà ‘Ë ß‡∑’Ë ¬ß ´÷Ë ß‡ªì π‡√◊Ë Õߪ√°µ‘ ¢Õß°“√‡∑»πå Õπ ¢Õß∑ÿ °»“ π“ ∫√√≥“πÿ °√¡ °’ √µ‘ ∫ÿ ≠‡®◊ Õ. ª√— ™≠“°√’ °√–¬–°à Õµ— « . °√ÿ ß- ‡∑æœ : ”π— °æ‘ ¡æå ·Àà ß®ÿ Ó≈ß°√≥å ¡À“«‘ ∑¬“≈— ¬, ÚıÙı. °’ √µ‘ ∫ÿ ≠‡®◊ Õ. µ√√°«‘ ∑¬“∑—Ë «‰ª . æ‘ ¡æå §√—È ß∑’Ë Òˆ. °√ÿ ߇∑æœ : ‰∑¬«— ≤π“æ“π‘ ™, ÚıÙÒ. Aristotle. Metaphysics . In Complete Works of Aristotle. Translated by Sir Divid Ross and Others. Oxford : Clarendon Press, 1971. Bignone, E. Empedocles . Tirudo, 1916. Bunchua, Kirti. Contexual Religion. Bang- kok : Assumption University Press, 1995. Diels and Kranz. Fragmente der Vorsokra- tiker . 5 th ed. Berlin : Weidmann, 1934. Digenes, Laertius. Lives of Philosophers . 2 vols. ·ª≈‚¥¬ Hick, R.D. ·≈–‡√’ ¬∫ ‡√’ ¬ß‚¥¬ Warmington, E.H. Cambridge, Mass : Harvard University Press, 1970. Graig, E. Routledge Encyclopedia of Phi- losophy . Cambridge University Press, 1967. Kingsley, P.A. Ancient Philosophy, Mystery and Magic . Oxford : Clerendon Press, 1995. Kranz, Wilhelm. Empedocles und die Atomistik . Hermes, 1912. ÚÙ DK 31B122. çHere were the Eaarth-Mother (Chthonia) and the far-seeing Sunshine-Nymph (Heliope), bloody Discord, and Harmony with her serious mien, Beauty and Ugliness, the Speed-Nymph and the Nymph of Delay; and lovely Infallibility and dark-eyed Uncertainty.é Úı DK 31B123. çGrowth and Decay, Rest and Waking, Movement and Immobility, much-crowned Majesty, and Defilement, Silence and Voice.é Úˆ DK 31B145. çWherefore you are distraught with dire sins, and shall never ease your heart of your grievous sorroes! Ú˜ Õâ “ßÕ‘ ß„π Guthrie, ibid. p.255. çWhen he is writing On the generation (Theogonia) and On Sacrifices.é