สำนักราชบัณฑิตยสภา

The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand Vol. 31 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2006 æ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á ®æ√–‡®â “Õ¬Ÿà À— «¿Ÿ ¡‘ æ≈Õ¥ÿ ≈¬‡¥™°— ∫§«“¡ À¡«¥§”ªî ¥ 562 °Æ∑“ß — ߧ¡ °Æ∑’Ë ¡’ Õ‘ ∑∏‘ æ≈‡Àπ◊ Õ °ÆÕ◊Ë π„¥°Á §◊ Õ°Æ∑“ß — ߧ¡ ´÷Ë ß∑”„Àâ §”∫“ߧ”µâ Õ߇¢’ ¬πÀ√◊ ÕÕÕ°‡ ’ ¬ß º‘ ¥·º°ÕÕ°‰ª ‡æ◊Ë ÕÀ≈’ °‡≈’Ë ¬ß§«“¡ ‡¢â “„®º‘ ¥ ‡ ’ ¬ß∑’Ë ç‰¡à ‡¢â “ÀŸ é §π„π — ß§¡ °“√ –°¥°“√— πµå ∑’Ë ç‰¡à ‡¢â “µ“é §π„π — ß§¡ À√◊ Õ ‘Ë ßµâ ÕßÀâ “¡„π — ß§¡ π—Ë π‡Õß ∫√√≥“πÿ °√¡ °”™— ¬ ∑ÕßÀ≈à Õ. ÚıÛ˜. À≈— °¿“…“‰∑¬. æ‘ ¡æå §√—È ß∑’Ë ˘. °√ÿ ߇∑æœ : √«¡ “ å π. ∫√√®∫ æ— π∏ÿ ‡¡∏“, ». ¥√. §ÿ ≥. ÚıÙ. ≈— °…≥–¿“…“‰∑¬. æ‘ ¡æå §√—È ß∑’Ë ÒÒ. °√ÿ ß ‡∑æœ : ¡À“«‘ ∑¬“≈— ¬√“¡§”·Àß. √“™∫— ≥±‘ µ¬ ∂“π. ÚıÙˆ. æ®π“πÿ °√¡ ©∫— ∫ √“™∫— ≥±‘ µ¬ ∂“π æ.». ÚıÙÚ. æ‘ ¡æå §√—È ß∑’Ë Ò. °√ÿ ߇∑æœ : π“π¡’ ∫ÿä § å . »‘ ≈ª“°√, °√¡. ÚıÙ. ®‘ π¥“¡≥’ ‡≈à ¡ Ò-Ú °— ∫ ∫— π∑÷ °‡√◊Ë ÕßÀπ— ß ◊ Õ®‘ π¥“¡≥’ ·≈– ®‘ π¥“¡≥’ ©∫— ∫æ√–‡®â “∫√¡‚°». æ√– π§√ : »‘ ≈ª“∫√√≥“§“√. Õÿ ª°‘ µ»‘ ≈ª “√, æ√–¬“. ÚıÛı. À≈— °¿“…“‰∑¬. °√ÿ ߇∑æœ : ‰∑¬«— ≤π“æ“π‘ ™. Crystal, David. 2003. A Dictionary of Linguistics & Phonetics. Fifth Edition. Oxford : Blackwell Publishing. Matthews, P.H. 1997. Oxford Concise Dictionary of Linguistics. New York : Oxford University Press. Abstract Closed Classes Nitaya Kanchanawan Associate Fellow of the Academy of Arts, The Royal Institute, Thailand A “closed class” or a “closed system” in linguistics refers to a grammatical word class whose membership is fixed or limited, e.g. pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, articles, etc. In contrast, an “open class” is one whose membership is indefinite or unlimited, e.g. nouns, verbs, adjectives, etc. Closed classes may be extended to include groups of consonants and vowels with limited use. In Thai there are only 20 words with “ „ ” [máay múan], a symbol denoting the [ay] sound (like in English word “my”). The consonants “ ∑√ ” (tr) may represent two sounds: [tr] or [s], but so far there are only 17 words with “ ∑√ ” that denote the [s] sound. The consonant “ ± ” may represent two sounds: [th] or [d], however, there are only a few words with “ ± ” that denote the [d] sound. A limited number of clusters (two consecutive consonants) is allowed. Thirteen consonants are normally used only in Pali and Sanskrit borrowed words. Some syllables (combinations of a certain vowel and final consonant) represent sounds that are unfamiliar to the Thai ear. Thus, new words, including borrowed words, rarely use such consonants, vowels and the combinations of certain sounds. However, these rules may be altered to avoid linguistic taboos in society. Key words : Closed classes, closed system, “ „ ” [máay múan], “ ∑√ ” [tr] / [s], “ ± ” [tr] / [d], clusters, Pali and Sanskrit borrowed words, limited use of certain syllables, taboo