สำนักราชบัณฑิตยสภา

The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand Vol. 31 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2006 Evaluation of Healthy Cities in Bangkok, Thailand WHO South-East Asia Region 466 Locality/ Activity Significant Primary Secondary Setting date stakeholders stakeholders Community - Building of child care centers - Pre-school - BMA in the communities children officers - Founding of the community - General - Human funds and establishment of population resource employment groups Dept - Prevention of drug addicts in the community - Housing development for the poor - Capacity building on concepts on healthy city 50 Districts - Cleaning districts competition 2540 - General - BMA - Employment days population officers - Vocational training on specific skills - One stop service for any business at the districts - Effective system for garbage collection Situation before the initiative began • Describe the setting’s social, economic and environ- mental context Bangkok is a center of national development and supports the expansion of national economy. Bangkok is also a major source for income generation and better opportunities for other social services such as education. As a result of this motivation, there are rapid migrations toward urban Bangkok. This phenomenon has caused a congested areas or urban poor. Due to the rapid expansion of urban communities, the city lacked proper plans and effective direction to cope with the men- tioned problems in a systematic manner so the environment became deteriorated. The environmental conditions were destroyed and green areas were limited because land spaces were utilized for other priorities in particular for housing. Wastes both liquid and solid were increased in proportion to the housing units. Consequently, pollution of air, noise, food, and water were not able to control and these problems contributed to adverse effects to health condi- tions among the population who resided in the urban Bangkok. Morbidity and mortality of urban diseases became highly prevalent. • What was the motivation for developing the initiative? Implementations of heal- thy city initiative in European countries show significant im- provement in the quality of life among the people. Furthermore, WHO has encouraged the local government to initiated this in- itiate. • What were the issues/ problems to address? - Imbalance of basic