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The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand Vol. 31 No. 2 Apr.-Jun. 2006 Evaluation of Healthy Cities in Bangkok, Thailand WHO South-East Asia Region 460 EVALUATION OF HEALTHY CITIES IN BANGKOK, THAILAND WHO SOUTH-EAST ASIA REGION* Somchai Durongdej ** √“™∫— ≥±‘ µ ”π— °»‘ ≈ª°√√¡ √“™∫— ≥±‘ µ¬ ∂“π ESSENTIAL CHARACTERIS- TICS OF THE CITY History and Geographical Loca- tion: When King Rama I moved his capital across the river from Thon Buri, he ordered a new capital to be built on the site of a village known as Bangkok, “The village of the wild plum trees”. When the King was enthroned on June 13, 1782, he gave it the auspicious name : “Krungthepmahanakhon Amonrattanakosin Mahinthara- yutthaya Mahadilokphop Nop- pharatratchathaniburirom Udom- ratchaniwetmahasathan Amon- phiman-Awatansathit Sakkathat- tiyawitsanukamprasit”. Krungthepmahanakhon was established as the “capital of Thailand” in 1782, the year King Rama I ascended the throne. The government was in the style of the previous Ayutthaya period. Between 1894 and 1906 during the reign of King Rama V, the country was devided into Mon- thons, Bangkok was in Monthon Krung Thep which was under the Ministry of Urban Affairs. In 1922, The Ministry of Urban Af- fairs was merged with the Ministry of Interior. The administration of Bangkok under a modified Mon- thon system was carried on until the Coup d’etat in 1932 took place and the absolute monarchy over- whelmed the country. In 1933, The Thai Administration Act and The Municipal Government Act were enacted and as a result Krung Thep became a province. In 1937, The Bangkok Muni- cipality and The Thon Buri Muni- cipality were established accor- ding to the Municipal Government Act 1933. On the 21 st December 1971, the Revolutionary Party is- sued National Executive Council Order Number 24 which merged Changwat Phra Nakhon and Changwat Thon Buri into a single Changwat called the “Bangkok and Thon Buri Metropolis”. At the same time, National Executive Council Order Number 25 merged the Bangkok Municipality and the Thon Buri Municipality into the “Metropolitan City Municipality”. On December 14, 1972, a new administration named it “Krungthep Mahanakhon”, popu- larly shortened to “Krungthep”. While local people usually refer to it as Krungthep, it is known around the world by the name of the village that was its original site, Bangkok. In 1972, National Executive Council Order Number 335 re- organized the form of local go- vernment in the metropolis by amalgamating the activities of the Metropolis of Bangkok and of Thon Buri, the Bangkok and Thon Buri Provincial Adminis- * ‡Õ° “√ª√–°Õ∫°“√ — ¡¡π“∑“ß«‘ ™“°“√·≈–°“√®— ¥‡«∑’ “∏“√≥– ‡√◊Ë Õß ¡À°√√¡ Ÿà °√ÿ ߇∑æœ ‡¡◊ Õßπà “Õ¬Ÿà «— π∑’Ë ÚÛ-ÚÙ °ÿ ¡¿“æ— π∏å æ.». ÚıÙ˘ ≥ Àâ Õß·°√π¥å ŒÕ≈≈å ™—È π Ú »Ÿ π¬å π‘ ∑√√»°“√·≈–°“√ª√–™ÿ ¡‰∫‡∑§ °√ÿ ߇∑æœ ** √Õß»“ µ√“®“√¬å ¿“§«‘ ™“‚¿™π«‘ ∑¬“ §≥– “∏“√≥ ÿ ¢»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘ ∑¬“≈— ¬¡À‘ ¥≈