สำนักราชบัณฑิตยสภา

The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand æ— ≤π“°“√∑“ß°“√»÷ °…“¢Õ߉∑¬ ¡— ¬√— ™°“≈∑’Ë ı ®— °√æ√√¥‘ ·¡°´’ ¡’ ‡≈’ ¬π °— ∫¡ß°ÿ ÆÀπ“¡·Àà ߇¡Á °´‘ ‚° 770 Vol. 31 No. 3 Jul.-Sep. 2006 Abstract Emperor Maximilian and the Crown of Thorns Anantjai Lauhabandhu Editorial board of the Royal Institute’s World History Encyclopaedia Editorial Committee : Europe; Associate Professor of History, Department of History, Faculty of Arts, Silpakorn University The article is meant to introduce Emperor Maximilian of Mexico whose destiny brought him to the throne of Mexico and shortly to his death. Born as an archduke of the Austria’s Imperial Habsburg house and became viceroy of the Austria’s possession of Lombardo-Venetian territory. After the unification of Italy in 1861, he was persuaded by the French emperor Napoleon III, who had lost face in diplomacy and also wanted to make up with the Habsburgs, to accept the crown of Mexico. Believing that he had the support of the people, he and his wife, Carlotta, went to Mexico in 1864. Backed by French troops, they were installed as the country’s rulers over the opposition of the republicans. After 1865, the U.S., which objected to France’s intervention as violation of the Monroe Doctrine but had been distracted by its own civil war, began pressuring the French to pull out. When they did withdraw in 1867, Maximilian refused to go with them. After that, republican forces under Benito Juárez quickly regained control of Mexico. Captured by the republicans at Querétaro, Maximilian was made a scapegoat and tried by court-martial and shot in June 1867. Before then Empress Carlotta went to Europe and vainly sought aid from Napoleon III and the pope. Her efforts failed and she became insane. Key words : Maximilian, Habsburg, Napoleon III, Mexico ∫√√≥“πÿ °√¡ Õπ— πµå ™— ¬ ‡≈“À–æ— π∏ÿ . ç ∂“π–·≈–§«“¡ ”§— ≠¢Õß√“™«ß»å Œ— ∫ å ∫Ÿ √å °„πª√–«— µ‘ - »“ µ√å ,é «“√ “√√“™∫— ≥±‘ µ¬ ∂“π, ªï ∑’Ë Ú¯ ©∫— ∫∑’Ë Ù µÿ ≈“§¡-∏— 𫓧¡, ÚıÙˆ. Graig, Gordon A. Europe 1815-1914. N.Y. : Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1966. Hearder, Harry. Europe in the Ninetieth Century 1830-1880. 2 nd ed. London : Longman, 1993. OûConner, Richard. The Cactus Throne : The Tragedy of Maximilian and Carlatta. Toronto : Longmans, 1971. Stiles, Andrina. The Unification of Italy 1815-70. 2 nd ed. London : Hodder & Stoughton, 2001. Thompson, J.M. Louis Napoleon and the Second Empire. Toronto : Norton & Company, 1967. ®ÿ ¥®∫¢Õß®— °√æ√√¥‘ ·¡°´’ ¡’ ‡≈’ ¬π ≥ ≈“π ª√–À“√ «— π∑’Ë Ò˘ ¡‘ ∂ÿ π“¬π §.». Ò¯˜ˆ Õ¥’ µ®— °√æ√√¥‘ π’ °“√å ≈Õµµ“ ¢≥–ª√–∑— ∫ æ√–µ”Àπ— °∫Ÿ ™Ÿ „π §.». Ò¯¯Ú æ√â Õ¡ ¥â «¬¢â “√“™∫√‘ æ“√