สำนักราชบัณฑิตยสภา

«“√ “√ √“™∫— ≥±‘ µ¬ ∂“π ¡§«√ °«’ ¬– 1069 ªï ∑’Ë ÛÒ ©∫— ∫∑’Ë Ù µ.§.-∏.§. ÚıÙ˘ ‚≈°‡ªì π¢Õ߇√“·≈–‡√“‡ªì π ¢Õß‚≈°... ‡√“∑ÿ °§π∑’Ë Õ¬Ÿà √à «¡°— π·≈– √«¡°— π‡ªì πÀπ÷Ë ß‡¥’ ¬«°— ∫∑ÿ °§π·≈– °— ∫‚≈°π’È „∫‡¥’ ¬«¢Õ߇√“ §«“¡‡ªì πÀπ÷Ë ß‡¥’ ¬«¢Õß™’ «‘ µ∑ÿ ° ™π‘ ¥„π‚≈° ∫πæ◊È π∞“π∑ƒ…Æ’ «‘ «— ≤π“°“√ (Evolution Theory) ¢Õß™“≈ å ¥“√å - «‘ π (Charles Darwin) ·≈–∑ƒ…Æ’ ‡°¬“¢Õ߇≈‘ ø≈Á Õ° ¥— ß∑’Ë °≈à “«¢â “ßµâ π ≈’ ππå ¡“√å °Ÿ ≈‘ ‰¥â »÷ °…“°”‡π‘ ¥·≈– «‘ «— ≤π“°“√¢Õß ‘Ë ß¡’ ™’ «‘ µ™π‘ ¥µà “ß Ê „π‚≈° ‡ πÕ‡ªì π∑ƒ…Æ’ À™’ æ (sym- biosis) À√◊ Õ°“√¡’ ™’ «‘ µ√à «¡°— π‡ªì π Àπ÷Ë ß‡¥’ ¬«¢Õß∑ÿ °™’ «‘ µ„π‚≈°¢Õ߇√“ ∑’Ë ‡∏Õ‡√’ ¬°«à “ 祓«‡§√“–Àå À™’ æé (symbiotic planet) ı µ“¡∑ƒ…Æ’ ¢Õ߇∏Õ ™’ «‘ µ™π‘ ¥ ·√°∑’Ë ‡°‘ ¥¢÷È π„π‚≈°‡¡◊Ë Õª√–¡“≥ Û,ˆ ≈â “πªï §◊ Õ·∫§∑’ ‡√’ ¬ (bac- teria) µà Õ¡“‰«√— ‰¥â ·∑√°‡¢â “‰ª‡ªì π π‘ «‡§≈’ ¬ ¢Õß·∫§∑’ ‡√’ ¬ °≈“¬‡ªì π °≈ÿà ¡™’ «‘ µ™π‘ ¥„À¡à ∑’Ë ‡√’ ¬°«à “ ‚æ√- ∑Õ°∑‘ µ“ (protoctista) „π™à «ß‡«≈“π— ∫æ— π≈â “πªï ·∫§- ∑’ ‡√’ ¬·≈–‚æ√∑Õ°∑‘ µ“ ‰¥â «‘ «— ≤π“ °“√¡“‡ªì π°≈ÿà ¡æ◊ ™ (plantae) °≈ÿà ¡ — µ«å (animalia) ·≈–°≈ÿà ¡‡ÀÁ ¥√“ (fungi) µ“¡¿“æ∑’Ë ‡∏Õ‡¢’ ¬π‰«â ‚¥¬ „Àâ ™◊Ë Õ«à “ SET (serial endosym- biosis theory) phylogeny §«“¡‡ªì πÀπ÷Ë ß‡¥’ ¬«¢ÕßÕ“≥“ ®— °√ — µ«å (Animalia) „π¬ÿ §æ√’ ·§¡‡∫√’ ¬π (Pre- cambrian) µà Õ‡π◊Ë Õß¡“∂÷ ß·§¡- ‡∫√’ ¬π (Cambrian) ·≈–ÕÕ√å ‚¥- «‘ ‡™’ ¬π (Ordovician) ª√–¡“≥‡¡◊Ë Õ ˜-ı æ— π≈â “πªï °à Õ°”‡π‘ ¥ — µ«å ¢π“¥®‘Î «„ππÈ ”∑’Ë §à Õ¬ Ê ¡’ «‘ «— ≤πå ‡ªì π — µ«å ¡’ °√–¥Ÿ ° — πÀ≈— ß (verte- brates)... ı Lynn Margulis, çThe Symbiotic Planeté, Massachusetts : Basic Books, 1988. ‡¡◊Ë Õ Úı ≈â “πªï — µ«å ‡≈◊È Õ¬ §≈“π (reptiles) ‡¡◊Ë Õ ÚÚı ≈â “πªï ‰¥‚π‡ “√å (dinosaurs) ‡¡◊Ë Õ Ú ≈â “πªï — µ«å ‡≈’È ¬ß≈Ÿ ° ¥â «¬≈Ÿ °¥â «¬πÈ ”π¡ (mammals) ‡¡◊Ë Õ Òı ≈â “πªï π° (birds) ‡¡◊Ë Õ Ûı ≈â “πªï ≈‘ ß (monkeys) ‡¡◊Ë Õ Ú ≈â “πªï «“π√ (apes) ‡¡◊Ë Õ Ò ≈â “πªï «“π√„À≠à SET (serial endosymbiosis theory) phylogeny Tannin Lignin Cellulose Bone Shell Muscle Basidia Asci Soredia Blastulas Complex cell junctions Gametic meiosis Embryos in maternal tissue Histogenesis Dikaryosis Spores by zygotic meiosis Algae, water molds. slime molds, slime nets, protozoa Conjugation Mitosis Meiosis Centrioles Undutipodia Zoospores Phagocytosis Intracellular motility Endomembranes Differentiation Endospores Multicellularity Photosynthesis Motility Fermentation Heat and acid resistance Respiration Coccoid cyanobacteria Chloroxybacteria Spirochetes Spiroplasmas Thermoplasmas Paracocci Bdellovibrios