สำนักราชบัณฑิตยสภา

The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand §«“¡À¡“¬¢Õߧ”»— æ∑å ∑’Ë „™â „π¿“…“‰∑¬∂‘Ë π ı ∂‘Ë π ‡ª√’ ¬∫‡∑’ ¬∫°— ∫§”»— æ∑å ∑’Ë „™â „π¿“…“‰∑¬°√ÿ ߇∑æ 1226 Vol. 31 No. 4 Oct.-Dec. 2006 1.2 Words in all the five dialects which have similar or traces of the same meanings as those in Bangkok Thai. e.g. /kh ú n/ means, in Nakhon as well as in Bangkok Thai, (adj.) “familiar” ph û :jı η khon ní: nâ: kh ú n mâ:k Her face looks familiar. Moreover, the same word in Nakhon can be used to mean (adj.) “tame (used only with animals),” which is similar in meaning to the word in Bangkok Thai mentioned above. e.g. mı: tua ní: kh ú n ca This bear is quite tame. This is an example of the type of semantic change, which Phya Anumanrajadhon labeled as “semantic widening” 2. Different Words , which can also be sub-categorized into two types: 2.1 Words found in Songkhla and Korat dialects, which, despite having the same form, have distinguishly different meanings or have no semantic relations with words of the same forms in Bangkok Thai. e.g. /wìt/ means, in Bangkok Thai, (adv.) “almost” khaw maw lâw dc:n wìt tòk thc: He was so drunk that he almost fell into the ditch. But, /wìt/ means, in Korat dialect, (v.) “to get away or escape” Khamo:j nı: tamrùat mâj wìt The thief couldn’t get away from the police. 2.2 Words found in all the four dialects (Nakhon Thai dialect not included) which have at least two meanings, i.e., one meaning which is the same as that of the word of the same form in Bangkok Thai and the other different from Bangkok Thai. The latter is thus a different word. e.g. /wít/ means, in Chiang Mai as well as Bangkok dialects, (v.) “shovel or throw” kháw wít ná:m khâw na: He diverts (by throwing) the water into his paddy field. But, /wít/ can also mean, in Chiang Mai dialect, (v.) “jump” kháw wít lo cà:k t III k He jumps down from the building. The latter is another example of “semantic widening”. Key words : Thai dialect, homonym, cognate word, semantic widening, semantic narrowing ˇ ˇ ˇ c ˆ ˇ ` e