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The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand æÿ ∑∏∑“ ¿‘ °¢ÿ æÿ ∑∏»“ π“π‘ °“¬‡∂√«“∑ §«“¡À≈ÿ ¥æâ π„πª√— ™≠“¢Õ߇ա‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ 1102 Vol. 31 No. 4 Oct.-Dec. 2006 ¡’ °Æ‡°≥±å ¢Õß∏“µÿ Õ¿‘ √¡¬å Õ¬Ÿà ¥â «¬ ‡√“®–¥Ÿ °— πµà Õ‰ª«à “‡Õ‡π‘ °‡´‡°Õ‡√‘ ®–ª√–π’ ª√–πÕ¡Õ¬à “ß‰√„Àâ ·π∫‡π’ ¬π ¡“°°«à “∑’Ë ‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ ‰¥â ∑”‰«â ·≈–„𧫓¡ ß∫ ÿ ¢ß¥ß“¡¢Õß∏“µÿ Õ¿‘ √¡¬å °Á ¡’ ∏“µÿ §«“¡°≈— «·ΩßÕ¬Ÿà ‡ÀÁ π§«√ªî ¥∑â “¬°“√»÷ °…“™’ «‘ µ ·≈–ß“π¢Õߪ√“™≠å ‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ ºŸâ √Õ∫√Ÿâ ·≈– “¡“√∂√Õ∫¥â “π ¥â «¬ ‡»…π‘ æπ∏å ¢â ÕÀπ÷Ë ß¢Õß∑à “π∑’Ë · ¥ß §«“¡¡ÿà ß¡—Ë π·≈–§«“¡À«— ߢÕߪí ≠- ≠“™π§πÀπ÷Ë ß ´÷Ë ß§«√®–‡ªì 𧫓¡ ¡ÿà ß¡—Ë π·≈–§«“¡À«— ߢÕߪí ≠≠“™π ∑—Ë « Ê ‰ª ·¡â ‡√“®–‰¡à ‡ÀÁ π¥â «¬„π√“¬ ≈–‡Õ’ ¬¥∑ÿ °Õ¬à “ß„π§«“¡À«— ߢÕß ‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ ·µà ‡®µπ“√¡≥å ·Àà ß §«“¡À«— ߢÕ߇ա‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ §«√‡ªì 𠇮µπ“√¡≥å ¢Õߪí ≠≠“™π∑—Ë « Ê ‰ª ∑à “π®–‡√’ ¬π√Ÿâ µ— «¬“∑ÿ °Õ¬à “ß∑’Ë ¡’ Õ¬Ÿà ‡æ◊Ë Õ„™â ªÑ Õß°— 𧫓¡‡®Á ∫ªÉ «¬ ·≈–™√“¿“æ ¢â “æ‡®â “∑”∑—È ßÀ¡¥‡æ◊Ë Õ ∑à “π ∑à “π®– “¡“√∂§«∫§ÿ ¡æ≈— ß≈¡ ∑’Ë ‰¡à √Ÿâ ®— °Õà Õπ≈â “ æ— ¥ºà “π∫πæ◊È πæ‘ ¿æ ¥â «¬·√ß°√√‚™°∑”≈“¬∑â Õß∑ÿà ß∑’Ë ‡æ“–ª≈Ÿ °„Àâ ¬à Õ¬¬— ∫ ·≈–∂â “‡ªì π‰ª ‰¥â ∑à “π®–π”≈¡‚™¬°≈— ∫¡“‡¬◊ Õπ „À¡à ∑à “π®–·ª≈ßΩπ∑¡÷ π„Àâ ‡ªì πøÑ “ ‚ª√à ßµ“¡ƒ¥Ÿ °“≈‡æ◊Ë Õ§«“¡ ÿ ¢ ∫“¬ ¢Õß¡πÿ …¬™“µ‘ ∑à “π®–‡ª≈’Ë ¬π§«“¡ ·Àâ ß·≈â ß°— π¥“√πÈ ”„Àâ ¡’ πÈ ”‰À≈‡ªì 𠓬∏“√À≈à Õ‡≈’È ¬ßµâ π‰¡â ·≈–∑’Ë ÿ ¥ ∑à “π®–π”§πµ“¬®“°‡ß◊È Õ¡¡◊ Õ¬¡∑Ÿ µ Ÿà °”≈— ß«— ß™“ ˜ °Á À«— ß«à “ª≥‘ ∏“π¢Õ߇ա‡æ- ‡¥Õ§≈‘ ¬— ߉¡à ≈â “ ¡— ¬®π‡°‘ π‰ª ‡æ’ ¬ß ·µà «à “‡√“§ß®–Õ¬“°‡æ‘Ë ¡Õ–‰√≈߉ªÕ’ ° ®–‡æ‘Ë ¡Õ–‰√®÷ ß®–‡À¡“– ¡∑’Ë ÿ ¥§ß ®–µ“¡¡“µ“¡≈”¥— ∫‡¡◊Ë Õ‡√“‰¥â »÷ °…“ ª√— ™≠“Õ¬à “ß´“∫´÷È ßµà Õ‰ª √ÿ ª ‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ ¡’ ™’ «‘ µÀ≈— ßæ√– æÿ ∑∏‡®â “ª√–¡“≥ Ò »µ«√√… √Ÿâ ®— ° ·¬°§«“¡√Ÿâ ¢Õß¡πÿ …¬å ÕÕ°‡ªì π Ú √–¥— ∫‡™à π‡¥’ ¬«°— ∫æ√–æÿ ∑∏‡®â “ §◊ Õ √–¥— ∫ ¡¡ÿ µ‘ — ®°— ∫√–¥— ∫ª√¡— µ∂ — ® ·¡â «à “‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ ‡Õß®–‰¡à ‰¥â „Àâ §«“¡√Ÿâ Õ–‰√¡“°π— °„π∑—È ß Ú √–¥— ∫ ·µà °“√√Ÿâ ®— °·¬°‡™à ππ’È °Á π— ∫«à “πà “ π„®¬‘Ë ßπ— ° π— °«‘ ®“√≥å ∑“ßµ–«— πµ° à «π¡“°¡‘ ‰¥â ¡Õ߇ա‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ „π ∑”πÕßπ’È ®÷ ß¡— °°≈à “«À“«à “‡Õ¡‡æ- ‡¥Õ§≈‘ ¢— ¥·¬â ßµ— «‡Õß ·µà §«“¡®√‘ ß ·≈â «°“√∑’Ë ‡Õ¡‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ „Àâ §” Õπ Ú √–¥— ∫‡™à ππ—È π ‰¡à ®”‡ªì πµâ Õߢ— ¥ ·¬â ßµ— «‡Õ߇≈¬ π’Ë ‡ªì πÕÿ ∑“À√≥å ¢â Õ Àπ÷Ë ß™’È „Àâ ‡ÀÁ π«à “À“°‡√“„™â æÿ ∑∏- ª√— ™≠“™à «¬µ’ §«“¡ª√— ™≠“µ–«— πµ° ªí ≠À“À≈“¬‡√◊Ë Õß®–™— ¥‡®π¢÷È π ·≈– „π∑“ß°≈— ∫°— π §ß‰¡à ¡’ „§√ªØ‘ ‡ ∏«à “ À“°®–»÷ °…“ª√— ™≠“µ–«— πµ°„Àâ ≈÷ °´÷È ß ·≈â «‡Õ“¡“¡Õßæÿ ∑∏»“ π“ „π∞“π–»“ π“Àπ÷Ë ß¢Õß¡πÿ …¬™“µ‘ °Á πà “®–‰¥â ¡ÿ ¡¡Õß„À¡à Ê Õ’ °¡“°¡“¬ à «π®–√— ∫Õ–‰√¡“ªØ‘ ∫— µ‘ ∫â “ßπ—È π °Á §ß®–µâ Õ߬°„Àâ Õ¬Ÿà „π«‘ ®“√≥≠“≥ ·≈–»√— ∑∏“¢Õß·µà ≈–§π∑’Ë „ΩÉ „® ªØ‘ ∫— µ‘ ∏√√¡„π¬ÿ §‚≈°“¿‘ «— µπå ¢Õ߇√“ ¢Õ®∫°“√»÷ °…“§â π§«â “ª√— ™≠“ ¢Õ߇ա‡æ‡¥Õ§≈‘ ‰«â ‡æ’ ¬ß·§à π’È ∫√√≥“πÿ °√¡ °’ √µ‘ ∫ÿ ≠‡®◊ Õ. ª√— ™≠“°√’ °√–¬–°à Õµ— «. °√ÿ ß ‡∑æœ : ”π— °æ‘ ¡æå ·Àà ß®ÿ Ó≈ß°√≥å ¡À“«‘ ∑¬“≈— ¬, ÚıÙı. ________ . µ√√°«‘ ∑¬“∑—Ë «‰ª. æ‘ ¡æå §√—È ß∑’Ë Òˆ. °√ÿ ߇∑æœ : ‰∑¬«— ≤π“æ“π‘ ™, ÚıÙÒ. Aristotle. Metaphysics. In Complete Works of Aristotle. Translated by Sir Divid Ross and Others. Oxford : Clarendon Press, 1971. Bignone, E. Empedocle. Tirudo, 1916. Bunchua, Kirti. Contexual Religion. Bang- kok : Assumption University Press, 1995. Diels and Kranz. Fragmente der Vorsokra- tiker. 5 th ed. Berlin : Weidmann, 1934. Digenes, Laertius. Lives of Philosophers. 2 vols. ·ª≈‚¥¬ Hick, R.D. ·≈–‡√’ ¬∫ ‡√’ ¬ß‚¥¬ Warmington, E.H. Cambridge, Mass : Harvard University Press, 1970. Graig, E. Routledge Encyclopedia of Phi- losophy. Cambridge University Press, 1967. Kingsley, P.A. Ancient Philosophy, Mystery and Magic. Oxford : Clerendon Press, 1995. Kranz, Wilhelm. Empedocles und die Atomis- tik. Hermes, 1912. ˜ DK 31 B 111. çYou shall learn all the drugs that exist as a defence against illness and old age; for you alone will I accomplish all this. You shall check the force of the unwearying winds which rush upon the earth with their blasts and lay waste the cultivated fields. And again, if you wish, you shall conduct the breezes back again. You shall create a seasonable dryness after the dark rain for mankind, and again you shall create after summer drought the streams that nourish the trees. And you shall bring out of Hades a dead man restored to strength.é