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The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand Doctor Zhivago: §«“¡¢— ¥·¬â ß√–À«à “ß™’ «‘ µ°— ∫°“√‡¡◊ Õß Vol. 32 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2007 42 ¢Õ߇¢“‡√◊Ë Õß Meeting with Pasternak (Ò˘˜˜) „Àâ ‡√◊Ë Õß√“«Õ— ππà “ π„®‡°’Ë ¬«°— ∫ §«“¡∑√ß®”∑’Ë ¡’ µà Õª“ ‡µÕ√å ·π§„π™à «ß °à Õπ·≈–À≈— ß ß§√“¡‚≈°§√—È ß∑’Ë Ú ÒÚ ÕÕ≈°“ ‡ø√‡¥π∫Ÿ √å ° ‡ªì ππ— °«‘ ™“°“√∑’Ë ‡¥à π∑’Ë ÿ ¥§πÀπ÷Ë ß„π¡À“«‘ ∑¬“≈— ¬‡´πµå ªï ‡µÕ√å ‡∫‘ √å ° ·≈–‡ªì πºŸâ °à Õµ—È ß Leningrad Institute of Philosophy, Language, Literature and Philosophy ‡∏Õ‡ªì π≠“µ‘ Àà “ß Ê ∑’Ë ª“ ‡µÕ√å ·π§ π‘ ∑ π¡¥â «¬ ™à «ß∑’Ë ª“ ‡µÕ√å ·π§æ— °Õ¬Ÿà „π°√ÿ ß¡Õ ‚° ‡¢“‡¢’ ¬π®¥À¡“¬µ‘ ¥µà Õ°— ∫‡∏Õ‡ ¡Õ ·≈–®¥À¡“¬¢Õߧπ∑—È ß Õß∑’Ë µà Õ¡“π” √«∫√«¡æ‘ ¡æå ‡ªì π‡≈à ¡‰¥â „Àâ ‡√◊Ë Õß√“«∑’Ë ™— ¥‡®π¢Õß™’ «‘ µª“ ‡µÕ√å ·π§„π¢≥–∑’Ë ‡√‘Ë ¡‡¢’ ¬π Doctor Zhivago √«¡∑—È ß§«“¡ §‘ ¥‡ÀÁ π¢ÕßÕÕ≈°“∑’Ë ¡’ µà Õª“ ‡µÕ√å ·π§ ·≈– — ߧ¡√— ‡´’ ¬„π™à «ß ¡— ¬ µ“≈‘ π·≈– ™à «ßÀ≈— ß ß§√“¡‚≈°§√—È ß∑’Ë Ú ÒÛ Elliot Mossman, ed. The Correspond- ence of Boris Pasternak and Olga Freidenberg 1910-1945 (New York : Basic Book, 1958), 97. ÒÙ Ibid, 112. Òı Shane, A.M., The Life and Works of Boris Pasternak (New York : Praeger, 1965), 170. Òˆ Gleb Struve, Russian Literature under Stalin (London: Routledge, 1972), 98. Ò˜ ¥Ÿ Ann Applebaum, Gulag A History (London: Penguin Books, 2004). Ò¯ Gleb Struve, Russian Literature under Stalin, 145. Ò˘ æ√√§∫Õ≈‡™«‘ §‡ªì πæ√√§ªØ‘ «— µ‘ ≈— ∑∏‘ ¡“°´å ´÷Ë ß‡§¬ — ß°— ¥„πæ√√§·√ßß“π — ß§¡ ª√–™“∏‘ ª‰µ¬√— ‡´’ ¬ (Russian Social Democratic Workers û Party-RSDLP) ·≈–‡ªì π·°ππ”¢Õߢ∫«π°“√ªØ‘ «— µ‘ √— - ‡´’ ¬√–À«à “ß §.». Ò˘ÒÚ-Ò˘ÒÙ „π §.». Ò˘ÒÚ ∫Õ≈‡™«‘ §ª√–°“»µπ‡ªì πæ√√§ °“√‡¡◊ ÕߢÕß™π™—È π°√√¡“™’ æ·≈–µà Õ¡“ ‡ªì πºŸâ π”¬÷ ¥Õ”π“®∑“ß°“√‡¡◊ Õß„π√— ‡´’ ¬ ‰¥â „π°“√ªØ‘ «— µ‘ ‡¥◊ Õπµÿ ≈“§¡ §.». Ò˘Ò˜ Ú Wolfgang Kasack, Russian Literature since 1917 (New York: Columbia Uni- versity Press, 1988), 297. ÚÒ Ibid., ÚÚ Freeze, George, ed. Russia A History (New York : Oxford University Press, 1997), 245. ÚÛ Flecher, L. Doctor Zhivago A Critical Companion (New York : Free Press, 1972). ÚÙ — ≠™— ¬ ÿ «— ß∫ÿ µ√, √«¡∫∑§«“¡«√√≥- °√√¡·≈–ª√–«— µ‘ »“ µ√å ‚´‡«’ ¬µ (π§√- ª∞¡ : §≥–Õ— °…√»“ µ√å , ¡À“«‘ ∑¬“≈— ¬ »‘ ≈ª“°√, ÚıÙÒ), ÒÚˆ. Úı ‡√◊Ë Õ߇¥’ ¬«°— π, ÒÚ˜. Úˆ ‡√◊Ë Õ߇¥’ ¬«°— π, ÒÚ¯. Ú˜ James H. Billington, The Icon and the Axe An Interpretative History of Russian Culture (New York : Vintaqe, 1970), 560. Ú¯ Malia Martin, The Soviet Tragedy A History of Socialism in Russia 1917- 1991 (New York : Free Press, 1994), 146. Ú˘ — ≠™— ¬ ÿ «— ß∫ÿ µ√, √«¡∫∑§«“¡«√√≥- °√√¡·≈–ª√–«— µ‘ »“ µ√å ‚´‡«’ ¬µ, ÒÛ. Û Rosalind Marsh, History and Litera- ture in Contemporary Russia (Lon- don : Macmillan, 1995), 246. Abstract Doctor Zhivago: Conflict between Life and Politic Sanchai Suwangbutra Associate Fellow of the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences, The Royal Institute, Thailand Doctor Zhivago is a novel in verse which covers the period of Russian history from 1903 to 1929, and also a novel about the Russian intelligentsia, by whom the author himself is, in search of truth with a creative and artistic bent. It is an anti-soviet novel and, therefore, was interpreted as against the spirit of the Russian revolution and banned in the USSR. Doctor Zhivago was first published in Italy in 1957; then translated into all major languages, making Boris Pasternak the best known contemporary Russian writer. In 1958 he was awarded the Noble Prize for Literature. This set off such a hue and cry among the literary functionaries in the USSR. Pasternak was forced to refuse to accept the honor and prize and expelled from the All-Union of Soviet Writers. Doctor Zhivago was used as a partial mouthpiece for the authors’ own philosophical and aristic beliefs. Zhivago, the hero in the novel, presented the author’s view as a man who believed in submitting to life and opposed to Bolshevik ideology. The revolution, therefore, would be justified and fulfill its promise as long as it remained in harmony with the overriding claims of life. After 30 years, in 1987 Doctor Zhivago was finally published in the USSR and became a best-seller overnight, The American Critic Association Stated that Doctor Zhivago was one of the world’s 1001 most-must read books for everybody before going to the grave. Key words : Boris Pasternak, Russian Revolution, anti-soviet novel, Noble Prize of Literature