สำนักราชบัณฑิตยสภา

«“√ “√ √“™∫— ≥±‘ µ¬ ∂“π Usa Sangwatanaroj, et al. 139 ªï ∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫— ∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’ .§. Úıı Figure 2. Cross sectional and longitudinal views of Chinese silk filament under SEM. Whiteness The whiteness measurement of the raw and degummed silks shown in Figure 3 indicates the following information. All white filaments had positive values in whiteness while the yellow fila- ment had negative values in white- ness. The imported Chinese silk had the highest whiteness of 42 for the raw filament and 85 for the degummed filament, followed by the local silk Chul 6 and Chul 1 (18-37 for the raw filaments and 72-78 for the degummed fila- ments). One reason for this result could be that the Chinese silk had a lower number of impurities in- cluding sericin on the surface (see degumming loss section) than those on the local silk and thus showed less effect on the whiteness of the Chinese silk. Another reason could be due to the higher white- ness of the Chinese silk fibroin. Figure 3 also shows that the machine reeled silks had higher whiteness than the hand reeled silks when compared within the same silk variety. The local white silk reeled by machinery had whiteness values of 27 and 37 for the raw filaments (Chul 1 and Chul 6) and 78 for the degummed filaments while those reeled by hand had a lower whiteness value of 18 and 33 for the raw filaments and 74 and 72 for the degummed filaments. This might be due to the different speeds and consistencies of reeling taking place in both reeling methods. The machine reeling could provide a higher reel- ing speed and better consistency of reeling than the hand reeling, and this could help decrease the number or the thickness of the impurities coated on the filament Longitudinal View Raw Silk Degummed Silk Reeling Method Machine Machine Cross Sectional View Raw Silk Degummed Silk Reeling Method