สำนักราชบัณฑิตยสภา

«“√ “√ √“™∫— ≥±‘ µ¬ ∂“π «‘ ∫Ÿ ≈¬å ≈’È ÿ «√√≥ 447 ªï ∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫— ∫∑’Ë Ú ‡¡.¬.-¡‘ .¬. Úıı Abstract Quadricentenary of Rembrandt , the Genius Dutch Artist Viboon Leesuwan Associate Fellow of the Academy of Arts , The Royal Institute, Thailand Rembrandt Harmensz van Rijn (1606-1669) , a Dutch artist who was one of the world û s renowned artists , lived between the 17 th and 18 th centuries when the Baroque art was in vogue. The numerous works of art created by Rembrandt can be classified into various types: 650 paintings , approximately 60 of which are self-portraits , 300 etchings , and 1 , 500-2 , 000 drawings. One of his famous oil paintings , commissioned by the Amsterdam Guild of Surgeons , is the ç Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp é (1632 , oil on canvas , 162.5 x 216.5 cm 2 , Mauritshuis , The Hague , the Netherlands). In this painting , an important record of Dutch medical history , Rembrandt had set up a fitting artistic composition with emphatic contrasts of light and shadow. Another important painting is ç The Shooting Company of Captain Frans Banning Gocq and Lieutenant Willem van Ruytenburgh é (1642 , oil on canvas , 363 x 437 cm 2 , Rijksmu- seum , Amsterdam) , which became known later as ç The Night Watch. é This painting was commissioned by the Amsterdam Municipality to portray the bustling activity of a group of military company under the command of Captain Banning Gocq. One art critic in the 19 th century had praised this work by Rembrandt as ç a thunderbolt of genius. é There is a variety of Rembrandt û s paintings , large and small. He often set the light to harmonize with the subject matters and the overall component of colors , depicting distinctive details of the persons û clothing and ornamentation in the pictures. Rembrandt liked to paint self-portraits from the time he was a youth until the final phase of his life. His last self-portrait is ç Self-Portrait as Zeuxis é painted in the last year of his life (1669 , oil on canvas , 82.5 x 65 cm 2 , Wallraf-Richartz Museum , Cologne). Art critics say that Rembrandt was clearly expressing his distress and anguish , while at the same time smiling serenely to welcome the oncoming death. Even though Rembrandt was successful in his artistic creation , he failed in his family life. His life had its ups and downs , sometimes rich and sometimes poor. He passed away on 4 October 1669 when he was only 63. In 2006 , the quadricentenary of Rembrandt û s birth , the Dutch government held an all- year-round exhibition of Rembrandt û s works in Leiden and Amsterdam for the general public to appreciate the artist û s genius. Key words : Baroque , self-portrait , tenebrism