ปีที่ ๓๒ ฉบับที่ ๓ กรกฎาคม-กันยายน ๒๕๕๐

«“√ “√ √“™∫— ≥±‘ µ¬ ∂“π Õπ— πµå ™— ¬ ‡≈“À–æ— π∏ÿ 563 ªï ∑’Ë ÛÚ ©∫— ∫∑’Ë Û °.§.-°.¬. Úıı Abstract From a Goal to a Colony: Governor Macquarie and the Development of Australia 1810-1821 Anantjai Lauhabandhu Editorial board of the Royal Institute’s World History Encyclopaedia Editorial Committee : Europe; Associate Professor of History, Department of History, Faculty of Arts, Silpakorn University Lachlan Macquarie was governor of Australia from 1810-1821. Prior to his governorship , Australia , or the so-called New South Wales at that time , was nothing but a prison camp. Macquarie had a leading role in the social , economic and architectural development of that panel colony. Many claim his influence on the transition of New South Wales from a goal to a free settlement. Macquarie û s policies , especially his championing of the ex-convicts of the emancipists and the lavish expenditure of government money on public works and his appointment of a number of emancipists to positions of trust and important aroused opposition among the ruling class and the exclusives in the colony and the administration in London. Those still saw New South Wales as a place to dump convicts. As a result , the British government appointed John Thomas Bigge as a special commissioner to make a through investigation of New South Wales. Bigge was biased against Macquarie. He generally agreed with Macquarie û s opponents and opposed to Macquarie û s humanitarian treatment of emancipists and convicts. His investigation led to Macquarie û s resignation in 1821 which by that time New South Wales had grown from a prison camp to a respectable colony. Today Macquarie is regarded as ç the Father of Australia é . Key words : Macquarie, emancipist, panel colony, Bigge