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The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand ‰Œ‚¥√‡®π : ‡™◊È Õ‡æ≈‘ ß ”À√— ∫Õ𓧵 Vol. 32 No. 4 Oct.-Dec. 2007 820 “¡“√∂·¢à ߢ— π°— ∫‡∫π´‘ π‰¥â ‡æ◊Ë Õ ™à «¬„Àâ ¡’ °“√«‘ ®— ¬·≈–æ— ≤π“«‘ ∏’ °“√ º≈‘ µ °“√π” à ß ·≈–°“√‡°Á ∫ ´÷Ë ß®– ™à «¬≈¥√“§“‰Œ‚¥√‡®π≈ß¡“·¢à ߢ— π ‰¥â „πµ≈“¥ À√— ∞Õ‡¡√‘ °“ °√–∑√«ß æ≈— ßß“π À√— ∞Õ‡¡√‘ °“ (Department µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ú ª√‘ ¡“≥‡∑’ ¬∫‡∑à “‡™‘ ߧ«“¡√â Õπ¢Õ߇™◊È Õ‡æ≈‘ ߪ√–‡¿∑µà “ß Ê ‡∑’ ¬∫°— ∫‰Œ‚¥√‡®π U.S. Hydrogen Natural Gas Crude Oil Conventional Reformulated California RFG Conventional Low-Sulfur Gasoline Gasoline (RFG) Diesel Diesel (kg) (million cubic feet) (barrel) (gallon) (gallon) (gallon) (gallon) (gallon) Hydrogen, 1 kg = 1 0.000117 0.0211 0.992 1.014 1.011 0.896 0.889 Natural Gas, 1 million cubic feet = 8538 1 180.5 8468 8653 8628 7653 7591 Crude Oil, 1 barrel = 47.30 0.00554 1 46.91 47.94 47.80 42.4 42.06 Conventional Gasoline, 1 gallon = 1.008 0.000118 0.0213 1 1.022 1.019 0.904 0.897 Reformulated Gasoline (RFG), 1 gallon = 0.987 0.000116 0.0209 0.979 1 0.997 0.884 0.877 California RFG, 1 gallon = 0.989 0.000116 0.0209 0.981 0.003 1 0.887 0.88 U.S., Conventional Diesel, 1 gallon = 1.116 0.000131 0.0236 1.106 1.131 1.127 1 0.992 Low - Sulfur Diesel, 1 gallon = 1.125 0.000132 0.0238 1.115 1.140 1.137 1.008 1 Note : The following unit convension factors are used in the calculations : 1 kg = 2.2046 lb 1 barrel = 42 gallons Source : The above table is based on values in the GREET Transportaion Fuel Cycle Analysis Model of Energy, DOE) ‰¥â °”Àπ¥‡ªÑ “ À¡“¬¢Õß√“§“‰Œ‚¥√‡®π∑’Ë ¡’ °“√ π” à ß‚¥¬‰¡à √«¡¿“…’ ”À√— ∫ §.». ÚÒı ‰«â ∑’Ë °‘ ‚≈°√— ¡≈– Ú-Û ‡À√’ ¬≠ À√— ∞/gge. (http://www.eere. energy.gov) µ“√“ß∑’Ë Ú · ¥ßª√‘ ¡“≥‡∑’ ¬∫ ‡∑à “‡™‘ ߧ«“¡√â Õπ¢—È πµË ” (lower heat- ing value À√◊ Õ net calorific value) ¢Õ߇™◊È Õ‡æ≈‘ ߪ√–‡¿∑µà “ß Ê ‡∑’ ¬∫ °— ∫‰Œ‚¥√‡®π (http://www.pnl.gov ) ®“°§à “„πµ“√“ß∑’Ë Ú ®–‡ÀÁ π«à “ ∂â “„™â ‰Œ‚¥√‡®π‡ªì π‡™◊È Õ‡æ≈‘ ß∑¥ ·∑ππÈ ”¡— 𥑠∫∑’Ë «— π≈– Ò ≈â “π ∫“√å ‡√≈ ®–µâ Õߺ≈‘ µ‰Œ‚¥√‡®π«— π ≈– Ù,˜Û ≈â “π°‘ ‚≈°√— ¡ À√◊ Õ Ò,˜Úˆ,Ùı ≈â “π°‘ ‚≈°√— ¡/ªï (ª√–¡“≥ Ûı ‡∑à “¢Õߪ√‘ ¡“≥ ‰Œ‚¥√‡®π∑’Ë º≈‘ µÕ¬Ÿà „πªí ®®ÿ ∫— π) ´÷Ë ß ∂â “∑”𓬰“√∑¥·∑π∑’Ë ª√–¡“≥ √â Õ¬≈– Ò ®–‡ÀÁ π‰¥â «à “ ∑’Ë √“§“ ‰Œ‚¥√‡®π Ú ‡À√’ ¬≠ À√— ∞/°‘ ‚≈°√— ¡ ∏ÿ √°‘ ®π’È ¡’ ¢π“¥ Û-Ù · π≈â “π ‡À√’ ¬≠ À√— ∞/ªï ∫√‘ …— ∑ºŸâ º≈‘ µπÈ ”¡— π √“¬„À≠à Õ¬à “ß Shell, Chevron ·≈– BP ®÷ ß π„®„π∏ÿ √°‘ ®Õ¬à “߬‘Ë ß ¢π“¥ ∏ÿ √°‘ ®∑’Ë „À≠à ¢π“¥π’È ®–™à «¬º≈— °¥— π „Àâ ¡’ °“√«‘ ®— ¬·≈–æ— ≤π“„Àâ ¡’ °“√º≈‘ µ ‰Œ‚¥√‡®π∑’Ë ∂Ÿ °≈ß √«¡∑—È ßª√‘ ¡“≥ πÈ ”¡— π∑’Ë ®–¡’ πâ Õ¬≈߉ª‡√◊Ë Õ¬ Ê °Á ®– º≈— °„Àâ √“§“πÈ ”¡— π Ÿ ß¢÷È π ®π°√–∑—Ë ß ‰Œ‚¥√‡®π “¡“√∂·¢à ߢ— π‰¥â ”À√— ∫ ≈Ÿ °§â “À≈— °°Á §ß®–‰¥â ·°à ¿“§°“√ ¢π à ß ´÷Ë ß‡ªì πºŸâ ∫√‘ ‚¿§À≈— °¢ÕßπÈ ”¡— π ®“°°“√§“¥°“√≥å ¢Õß∑—È ßºŸâ º≈‘ µ¬“π ¬πµå ·≈–ºŸâ º≈‘ µπÈ ”¡— π ¡’ §«“¡‡ªì π‰ª ‰¥â ¡“°∑’Ë ‰Œ‚¥√‡®π®–°≈“¬‡ªì π‡™◊È Õ ‡æ≈‘ ß ”À√— ∫Õ𓧵 ı. √ÿ ª ®“°§«“¡®”‡ªì π∑’Ë µâ Õß· «ßÀ“ ‡™◊È Õ‡æ≈‘ ß„À¡à ¡“„™â ·∑π‡™◊È Õ‡æ≈‘ ß øÕ ´‘ ≈∑’Ë °”≈— ß®–À¡¥‰ª ‰Œ‚¥√‡®π ‡ªì π‡™◊È Õ‡æ≈‘ ß∑’Ë ¡’ °“√§â πæ∫·≈–„™â