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โรคมาลาเรี ยชนิ ดไวแวกซ์ The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand Vol. 37 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2012 148 Abstract Plasmodium vivax Malaria Sasithon Pukrittayakamee Associate Fellow of the Academy of Science, The Royal Institute, Thailand Kesinee Chotivanich Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand Plasmodium vivax is the most prevalent malaria infection outside Africa, accounting for 40 % of worldwide malaria infection. The treatment objective for P. vivax is radical cure to eliminate the asexual parasitic stage and hypnozoites. The standard treatment is chloroquine 25 mg base/kg body weight for 3 days combined with primaquine, 0.25-0.5 mg/kg body weight for 14 days. For chloroquine-resistant vivax malaria, the treatment is similar to treatment recommended for uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Artemisinin based combination therapy (ACT) except regimen containing fansidar is combined with primaquine. Artesunate is contraindicated in first trimester of pregnancy when quinine plus clindamycin is the treatment of choice. Primaquine may be associ - ated with hemolysis and is contraindicated in pregnancy, infant and children less than 4 years and in severe G6PD deficiency. In mild-to-moderate G6PD deficiency, 0.75 mg base/kg body weight primaquine is given once a week for 8 weeks. Recently, a unified ACT-based regimen is proposed for treatment of vivax and falciparum malaria in all co-endemic regions. The cost effectiveness of this ACT treatment scenario is yet to be evaluated. Key words: malaria, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium falciparum, artemisinin