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The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand Vol. 37 No. 1 Jan.-Mar. 2012 ๑๕๐ ปี ทฤษฎี วิ วั ฒนาการของชาลส์ ดาร์วิ น 110 เอกสารอ้างอิง ๑. Allen, M. Darwin and His Flowers . London: Faber and Faber; 1977. ๒. Ayala, F. J. and J. W. Valentine. Evolving: The Theory and Processes of Organic Evolution. New York: The Benjamin/Commings; 1979. ๓. Mayr, E. “Evolution” Scientific American. 239 (1978): 39-47. ๔. Wyhe, van J. Darwin. London: Andre Deutch; 2008. ๕. www.en.wikipedia.org (สืบค้นเมื่อวันที่ ๖ พฤษภาคม ๒๕๕๔) ๖. วิสุทธิ์ ใบไม้ และรังสิมา ตัณฑเลขา. “ชาลส์ ดาร์วิน : ชีวิตที่อุทิศให้กับทฤษฎีวิวัฒนาการ” BRT Magazine. (๑) ๒๕ (พฤศจิกายน, ๒๕๕๑) : ๓๐-๓๗; (๒) ๒๖ (ธันวาคม, ๒๕๕๑) : ๓๘-๔๗; (๓) ๒๗ (ตุลาคม, ๒๕๕๒-มีนาคม, ๒๕๕๓) : ๓๔-๔๓; (๔) ๒๘ (เมษายน-กันยายน, ๒๕๕๓) : ๓๔-๔๓. Abstract 150 Years of the Theory of Evolution of Charles Darwin Visut Baimai Fellow of the Academy of Science, The Royal Institute, Thailand Charles Darwin had been interested in natural history since he was a boy. When he graduated with a bachelor’s degree in Theology, he was more knowledgeable and skillful on animals, plants and geology than arts: As a young naturalist, Darwin was given a good opportunity to participated in the H.M.S. Beagle voyage around the world particularly in South America. He collected a large number of specimens of plants, animals and fossils including geological data throughout the 5 years (1831-1836) of survey. Such observations and scientific information formed the basis of formulation for his theory on the origin of species by means of natural selection. Meanwhile, Alfred Wallace, a British naturalist was studying the diversity of animals and plants in the Malay Archipelago and Indonesia. Wallace developed independently the idea of evolution of species similar to that of Darwin. Finally, both naturalists were invited to present their theory of evolution at a Linnean Society of London meeting on July 1, 1858. After the meeting, Darwin exerted great effort to write his important book “On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection” which was published on November 20, 1859. The book “The Origin of Species” has had tremendous influence on the study of philosophy, biological science and diversity of life till the present time. Key words : Charles Darwin, Alfred Wallace, evolution, natural selection