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151 จิ นตนา ด�ำรงค์เลิ ศ วารสารราชบัณฑิตยสถาน ปีที่ ๓๗ ฉบับที่ ๔ ต.ค.-ธ.ค. ๒๕๕๕ Abstract The LaborMovement and the LaborUnions inFrance: Past to Present Chintana Damronglerd Fellow of the Academy of Arts, The Royal Institute, Thailand For as long as society exists, the laborers have always been looked down upon. It wasn’t until the 18th Century that someone tried to change that perception. Through his novel, “Candide”, Voltaire shows us that working liberates us from indecency, poverty and boredom. Another contemporary, Rousseau states that to work is to fulfill one’s duty to humanity. Later in the 19th century, Alexandre de Laborde elucidates through his writings that labor brings about prosperities and the birth of the Industries as we know it. The birth of Labor Unions in France happened in 1839 through the founding of several co-ops since the law at the time prohibited unionization based on skills and line of work. In 1871, the French government violently cracked down on co-ops whose members maintained a job in the same line of work. In 1895, C.G.T. : Confédération générale du travail was successfully formed. This led to the unionization of other groups of workers; for example, C.F.D.T. : Confédération francaise démocratique du travail, F.O. : Force ouvrière, and etc. The French government provides several kinds of support to the unions, arranging for the workers’ classes and workshops. Each union is allowed to publish their own newspaper, magazines and pamphlets. The unions’ bargaining power is exercised through strikes and negotiation. Keywords: French Labors, French Labor Unions บรรณานุกรม 1. Georges Lefranc (1972). Essais sur les problèmes socialistes et syndicaux. Paris: Payot. 2. J.D. Reynaud (1966). Les syndicats en France. Paris: Armand Colin. 3. EdouardDolléans (1967).Histoiredumouvement ouvrier, tome2(1871-1920). Paris:ArmandColin. 4. Jean-Luc Bodiguel (1968). La Réduction du temps de travail. Paris: Les Editions ouvirères. 5. Alphonse Merrheim, (1913). “Contre I’impuissance. Pour I’action” In La Bataille Syndicaliste, janvier, 1913.