59-05-032 Proceeding

19 Proceedings of the Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Congress Claude Bernard took themiddle way saying that ability is given, but method is acquired, we need both to guarantee our success. Ingenuity follows if the two gifts collaborate fully. We cannot give you the given gift, what we can do is only to suggest an appropriate method to develop your gift for our time of Globalization. However all new ideas, even from a genius mind need an appropriate method to make his ideas understood and accepted. 3. Methods of knowing: - Intuition and Acquisition - Analysis and Synthesis - Induction and Deduction Development of the Idea 1. Before Pythagoras  According to the Greek documents, the sages of the people were called “Sophoi” wise men (in singular = sophos). The Chinese called their sages “chu”, the Indians “kuru” and the Thais “Mo”. 2. Since Pythagoras  Pythagoras was honored by his fellow citizens “sophos”, but he preferred to be called “philosophos” (wisdom-lover). It seemed to him that he was not yet wise, but he aspired to reach the realm of wisdom. The word “philosophos” (philosopher) became a fascinating word and all the sages of the West since then were proud to accept the honor to be entitled “philosophers”. 3. Since Socrates  The sages of old days were persons who had broadest minds and widest perspectives. Little by little they discovered the analysis of facts and fact-interpretations.There were experts of many fields. Socrates distinguished the real sages by the characteristic of reflection. 4. Since Aristotle  For Aristotle, a philosopher worthy of the name is the one who inquires about the First Being (to proton on) or the Being as being (on to on). Since then through theMiddle Ages, all philosophers took pride in proposing and discussing about Being and beings. Innumerable systems resulted from this lifelong endeavor. 5. Since Francis Bacon  Bacon gave the first hint of experimentation as the sure method of useful knowledge, while Descartes proposed the orderly argumentation as the method for surest knowledge. John Locke combined both methods and developed them into the scientific method which was affirmed to be the way of the most advanced mind by Auguste Comte and the Enlightenment Movement. Since then all philosophers, or known as philosophers, must use one of these three methods: Induction, Deduction or the Enlightement Method known as the Positivistic Method (combination of the two), and have to elaborate, to some extent, the so-called reality as such, which may be spirit, or matter, or both. 6. Since Husserl  EdmundHusserl, a German Jew, suffered when he sawhis Jewish people suffer so much from the racial discrimination which seemed to him the main source of bias. From his long-life effort to find out the cause and the remedy of bias, he came to the conclusion that we need put our limitedness into brackets. To bracket is to suspend or to make epoch.