59-05-032 Proceeding

178 Proceedings of the Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Congress (3) Masculinity versus Femininity (MAS) The masculinity side of this dimension represents a preference in society for achievement, heroism, assertiveness and material rewards for success. Society at large is more competitive. Its opposite, femininity, stands for a preference for cooperation, modesty, caring for the weak and quality of life. Society at large is more consensus-oriented. (4) Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI) The uncertainty avoidance dimension expresses the degree towhich themembers of a society feel uncomfortable with uncertainty and ambiguity.The fundamental issue is how a society deals with the fact that the future can never be known and intolerant of unreasonable behaviors and ideas. Weak UAI societies maintain a more relaxed attitude in which practice counts more than ideologies. (5) Long-term Orientation versus Short-term Normative Orientation (LTO) Every society has to maintain some links with its own past while dealing with the challenges of the present and the future. Societies prioritize these two existential goals differently. Societies who score lowon this dimension, for example, prefer tomaintain time-honored traditions and norms while viewing societal change with suspicion.Thosewith a culture which scores high, on the other hand, take a more pragmatic approach that they encourage thrift and efforts in modern education as a way to prepare for the future. (6) Indulgence versus Restraint (IND) Indulgence stands for a society that allows relatively basic and natural human drives related to enjoying life and having fun. Restraint stands for a society that suppresses excessive needs and regulates it by means of strict social norms. 2.4 Conclusion of Theories The researcher studied both Asian and International Quality Frameworks, along with culture dimension analysis theories for this study, because this study has to be on the level of international perspectives. III. Research Conceptual Framework and Methodology This research is a combination of both qualitative and quantitative research to acquire the practical way of Knowledge Management (KM) and application. The data-gathering type was consisted of both qualitative data analysis by observation, reading secondary data and attending many quality assurance meetings/conferences; and quantitative data analysis of Teaching and Learning Satisfaction Survey Evaluated by Students, Parents and Stakeholders.