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«“√ “√ √“™∫— ≥±‘ µ¬ ∂“π ªï ∑’Ë ÛÛ ©∫— ∫∑’Ë Ú ‡¡.¬.-¡‘ .¬. ÚııÒ 61 ‘ «≈’ »‘ √‘ ‰≈ ™◊Ë Õπ— °ª√— ™≠“·≈– ”π— °ª√— ™≠“∑’Ë ª√“°Ø„π∫∑§«“¡ Ò. Epictetus (c.51-c.135 CE/AD) Õ‘ æ‘ °‡µµ— (§.». ıÒ-ÒÛı) Ú. Stoicism ≈— ∑∏‘ ‚µÕ‘ ° Û. Arrian ·Õ√å ‡√’ ¬π Ù. Zeno of Citium (c.322-c.262 BCE) ‡´‚π·Àà ߇¡◊ Õß´‘ µ‘ Õÿ ¡ (ÛÚÚ-ÚˆÚ °à Õπ§√‘ µå »— °√“™) ı. Cleanthes of Assos (c.300-c.232 BCE) §≈’ π‡∑ ·Àà ß·Õ ´Õ Û-ÚÛÚ °à Õπ§√‘ µå »— °√“™) ˆ. Chrysipus of Soli (c.281-c.201 BCE) §√’ ´‘ ªæ— ·Àà ß‚´≈’ (Ú¯Ò-ÚÒ °à Õπ§√‘ µå »— °√“™) ˜. Aurelius (c.121-c.180 CE/AD) ®— °√æ√√¥‘ ‚√¡— πÕÕ‡√≈‘ Õ— (§.». ÒÚÒ-Ò¯) ¯. St. Paul ‡´πµå ªÕ≈ ˘. Epicureanism ≈— ∑∏‘ Õ‘ æ‘ §Ÿ ‡√’ ¬π Ò. Clement of Alexandria (c.150-c.215 CE/AD) ‡§≈‡¡πµå ·Àà ßÕ–‡≈Á °´“π‡¥√’ ¬ (§.». Òı-ÚÒı) ÒÒ. Origen (c.180-c.254 CE/AD) ‚Õ√‘ ‡®π (§.». Ò¯-ÚıÙ) ÒÚ. Tertullian (c.195-c.220 CE/AD) ·µ√å µ‘ «‡≈’ ¬π (§.». Ò˘ı-ÚÚ) ‡™‘ ßÕ√√∂ Ò Ethel M. Albert, Theodore C. Denise, Great Traditions in Ethics , 5 th ed. (Belmont, California: Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1984), p.67. Ú Loc.cit. Û Loc.cit. Ù Jason L. Saunders (Eds.), Greek and Roman Philosophy after Aristotle (New York: Macmillan Publishing Co. Inc., 1966), pp. 60, 61. ı Melchert Norman, The Great Conversation: A Historical Introduction to Philosoply, 2 nd ed (Mountain View, Califor- nia: Mayfield Publishing Company, 1995), p. 194. ˆ Jason L. Saunders, Op. cit., p. 68. ˜ Melchert Norman, Op. cit., p. 192. ¯ Stumpf Samuel, E. Elements of Phi- losophy: An Introduction, 2 nd ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1987), p. 29. ˘ çThe Manual of Epictetus Compiledé, by Arrian, In Jason L. Saunders, Op. cit., p. 135. Ò Ethel M. Albert, Theodore C. Denise, Op. cit., p. 70. ÒÒ Ibid., p. 77. ÒÚ M. Ethel Albert, Theodore C. Denise, Op. cit., p. 69. ÒÛ Jason L. Saunders, Op. cit., p. 137. ÒÙ Ibid., p. 136. Òı Ibid., p. 135. Òˆ Ibid., p. 146. Ò˜ Ibid., p. 147. Ò¯ M. Albert Ethel, Theodore C. Denise, Op. cit., p. 67. Ò˘ Galek Kathleen, Kevin J. Flannelly, Vane Adam and Galek M. Rose, Assessing a Patientûs Spiritual Needs: A Comprehensive Instrument Holistic Nursing Practice, Vol 19, No. 20 (March, April 2005), p. 62. Ú Walter Kaufmann, Forrest E. Baird, (Eds.), Medieval Philosophy (New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1994), p. 3. ÚÒ Loc. cit.